As transforma??es da paisagem na estrutura e diversidade florestal em uma unidade de conserva??o no sudeste do Brasil

• Autor(a) principal: Pessoa, Mayara Maria de Lima
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ
• Texto Completo: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1803
• topic: Landscape; land use; Atlantic Forest; floristic; phytossociology; diversity; Paisagem; uso do solo; Floresta Atl?ntica; floristica; fitossociologia; diversidade; Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal

In order to point out guidelines and practices towards the proper management and conservation of the State Park of Pedra Selada, RJ, the referent thesis sought to understand the relationship between the landscape?s and society?s transformation, relying on the understanding of changes in the use and occupation of the soil, with the help of landscape dynamics and the knowledge of these changes on the structure and diversity in the montane forest of PEPS, located in the municipalities of Resende and Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro. For the landscape dynamic, Landsat 5 images were used, with the elaboration of maps for use and land occupation in a 30 years chronosequence. For floristic and structure study 12 installments were placed throughout the PEPS, in a total of 12 plots with size of 30 m x 20 m (600 m?), which corresponded to approximately 0.72 ha of sampling. The species were distributed in Ecological groups, Pioneers, Early secondary, Late secondary and Climax. To designate the dispersion syndromes of species the classification Zoochorous, Anemochoric and Autochorous were adopted. For floristic comparisons between plots and between 11 other studies in Dense Ombrophilous Forest areas in the Southeast, South and Northeast of Brazil, the cluster analysis was employed, using the Euclidean distance as a measure. For the analysis of floristic diversity, the Shannon diversity index (H ') was utilized. From the circumference at breast height (CAP) were calculated the variables of phytosociological structure, Absolute Density (DA), Relative Density (RD), Absolute Frequency (FA), Relative Frequency (RF), Absolute Dominance (DoA), Relative Dominance (DoR), Importance Value (IV) and Coverage Value (VC). 1270 individuals, distributed in 45 botanical families, 99 genera and 203 species were sampled. The most representative botanical families were Lauraceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae and Melastomataceae. The diversity index was 4.22 nats / ind. The ten species with the highest importance value in the State Park of Pedra Selada were Euterpe edulis Clethra scabra, Sorocea hilarii, Psychotria velloziana, Croton floribundus, Dicksonia sellowiana, Alchornea triplinervia, Piptocarpha sp.1, Casearia sylvestris e Cabralea canjerana. The Park presented a floristic pattern similar to the Montanas forests of Southeastern Brazil, therefore, it is essential the preservation of areas throughout the entire PEPS distribution, as well as the need of further studies in different altitudinal quotas, aiming to understand alternatives to conservation and to management of natural forest resources present in this important conservation unit. The results suggest that the PEPS is in a middle succession stage, also demonstrating the importance of proper management for the protection of species such as Euterpe edulis and Dicksonia sellowiana, to ensure the maintenance of this important conservation unit for the State of Rio de Janeiro