Avaliação da atividade de catalisadores homogêneos e heterogêneos de estanho em reações de esterificação de ácidos graxos para produção de biodiesel

• Autor(a) principal: Ferreira, Arthur Batista
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2147
• topic: Esterificação; Estanho; Catálise homogênea e heterogênea; Biodiesel; Esterification; Tin; Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis; Biodiesel; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA::QUIMICA INORGANICA

Biodiesel is a renewable, biodegradable and non toxic fuel, which can replace petroleum-derived diesel. Nowadays, it is produced mainly from alkaline transesterification in homogeneous phase from triacylglycerols present in vegetable oils. However, approximately 70% of cost of biodiesel production are due to the costs of these raw materials. Therefore, developing technologies that use cheap raw materials such as animal fats and waste cooking oil, which have a high content of free fatty acids (FFA) and are thus incompatible with alkaline catalysts, becomes increasingly important. However, the available technologies employ homogeneous mineral acids catalysts (Brönsted acids), which are corrosive, non recyclable and result in great generation of waste and effluents in steps of neutralization and separation. In this study, we evaluated the activity of alternative tin catalysts (Lewis acids), as SnBr2, SnCl2, SnF2 and Sn(C2H3O2)2, in the esterification of fatty acids in homogeneous phase and later in heterogeneous phase. The main variables such as reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, nature of the used alcohol and fatty acid were investigated. The activity of these catalysts supported on SiO2 by sol-gel method was also investigated.