Otimização de biofertilizante de rochas com materiais orgânicos e de bioprotetor com quitosana fúngica

• Autor(a) principal: SOUSA, Lusiene Barbosa
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE
• Texto Completo: http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/7348
• topic: Biofertilizante; Matéria orgânica; Bioprotetor; Quitosana fúngica; AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO

The use of alternative materials with potential for use in agriculture has been studied over many years. Economic material as phosphate and potassic rocks are frequently been used although, they not present nutrients in available forms for plant absorption. Rock biofertilizers produced from P and K rocks mixed with sulfur inoculated with Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans produces metabolic sulfuric acid and contributes decisively do release nutrients contained in rocks which constitutes alternative products for use in agriculture. The rock biofertilizers promoted acidity in soil and needs to be neutralized mixing organic matters to produce a mixed biofertilizer, and can be enriched in N by inoculation with free living diazotrophic bacteria and showed high agronomic efficiency. When the mixed biofertilizers are inoculates with fungi that contain chitosan produce a bioprotector that may protect plants against diseases. The work aim to evaluate the optimization of rock biofertilizers (BPK) mixing different proportions of organic matters and selecting the best diazotrophic bacteria for inoculation of the mixed biofertilizer (BNPK) and furthermore to select the best fungi containing chitosan in their cellular walls. Were obtained free living diazotrophic bacteria from different soils of the Brazilian Northeast region and evaluated the potential to realize the biological nitrogen fixation (FBN) process, by chromatographic analyzes and by the complete sequencing of the 16S gen. To study the mixed biofertilizer were realized three laboratorial experiments using trays. In the first experiment were used organic materials (OM) with treatments using different proportions of the OM, with 3 replicates. Were used Sugarcane Mud Cake (S); Earthworm compost (E) and Compost of Trees (C) and the 22 proportions in the respective: 1(5:0:0), 2(4:1:0),3(3:1:1), 4(2:3:0), 5(1:4:0), 6(4:0:1), 7(3:2:0), 8(3:0:1), 9(2:2:1), 10(2:1:2),11(1:3:1),12(1:1:3),13(1:2:2)14(0:5:0),15(0:4:1),16(0:1:4),17(0:3:2), 18(0:2:3), 19( 0:0:5),20(2:0:3)) (v/v). Samples were collected in times: (0); 10; 20; 30 and 40 days to determine: pH (H2O), Total C, N, available P and K, exchangeable Ca, Mg and Al+3. In the second experiment were used the best proportions screened in the first experiment (3:2:0 and 2:3:0), mixed with 1 volume of PK rock biofertilizer, inoculated with 100 and 200 mL (inocules from 4 isolates) with 3 replicates. The material were sampled during 40 days (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 days) to determine: pH (H2O), total N, available P and K. In the third experiment were used the best proportion of Organic Matter and PK rock biofertilizer in proportion (2:3:1), inoculated with the Mucorales fungi (Cunninghamella elegans, Muco hiemalis, Rhizopus arrhizus), with 4 replicates. The experiments were conducted in a completely experimental design. The first experiments showed significant difference between the treatments, except to carbon-C and nitrogen -N, and in the second experiment occurred individual effect for P; K and C. Treatments 4; 7 and 11, contributed to increase nutrients in the biofertilizer, and they may be alternative as organic mineral product in replacement of conventional fertilizer. The strains NFB 4 and NFB 1003 presented the best results and increase N, P, K and C in the mixed biofertilizer in the period correspondent to 25 - 30 days. The mixed biofertilizer inoculation in a general increase total N. The mixed biofertilizer inoculated with free living diazotrophic bacteria increase total N.