The effect of organic solvents in photosynthetic corals
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10773/27958 |
Resumo: | Tropical coral reefs provide important ecosystem services and goods in the tropical and subtropical regions of the planet. However, the increase of anthropogenic pressures, such as marine pollution or the escalating coral biomass demand for several different economic applications, as well as the damage caused by climate change, have contributed to the degradation of this ecosystem at an alarming rate. Consequently, the international scientific community has been intensifying coral research, aiming to study and acknowledge the effects of existing stress factors and to identify possible mitigation strategies. Thus, ecotoxicology studies, targeting the effect of emergent or persistent pollutants in these organisms can contribute to the state of the art. However, there are no standardized methodologies to test tropical photosynthetic corals, and their response to organic solvents, recurrently required in toxicological appraisals, remains unknown. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the oxidative stress profiles and photochemical response of photosynthetic corals exposed to different organic solvents (ethanol, methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide – DMSO), commonly used in ecotoxicological studies, expecting to contribute to the standardization and optimization of protocols. The results from the first study, with the species Zoanthus sociatus (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia), suggested that this species is more sensitive to DMSO than to ethanol or methanol. DMSO lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) was 0.01 mL L-1, while for ethanol and methanol LOEC were 0.1 mL L-1, even though the highest concentration of ethanol (2.9 mL L-1) was the only treatment causing mortality to Z. sociatus. Nevertheless, the distinctive response of this species evidenced the need to perform further similar studies with other coral species, given the diversity of these organisms. In this sense, a second trial was performed in order to assess the effect of the same organic solvents in two different species, Montipora digitata (Hexacorallia: Scleractinia) and Sarcophyton glaucum (Octocorallia: Alcyonaria). The species M. digitata, able to produce its own calcium carbonate skeleton, and therefore important to reef build, was more sensitive to ethanol than to methanol or DMSO. Ethanol lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) was 0.01 mL L-1, for methanol LOEC was 0.3 mL L-1, and for DMSO LOEC was 0.1 mL L-1. Notwithstanding, the highest concentration of ethanol and DMSO (2.9 mL L-1) caused mortality in M. digitata. The species S. glaucum, unable to segregate a calcium carbonate skeleton, was more sensitive to methanol than to ethanol or DMSO. Ethanol LOEC was 2.9 mL L-1, for methanol LOEC was 0.01 mL L-1, and for DMSO LOEC was 0.3 mL L-1. Considering this, a baseline for the use of organic solvents with tropical corals was set. Nevertheless, it is important to stress out that a major knowledge gap regarding coral physiology still exists. |
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The effect of organic solvents in photosynthetic coralsCoralOrganic solventsEcotoxicologyOxidative stressFotobiologyTropical coral reefs provide important ecosystem services and goods in the tropical and subtropical regions of the planet. However, the increase of anthropogenic pressures, such as marine pollution or the escalating coral biomass demand for several different economic applications, as well as the damage caused by climate change, have contributed to the degradation of this ecosystem at an alarming rate. Consequently, the international scientific community has been intensifying coral research, aiming to study and acknowledge the effects of existing stress factors and to identify possible mitigation strategies. Thus, ecotoxicology studies, targeting the effect of emergent or persistent pollutants in these organisms can contribute to the state of the art. However, there are no standardized methodologies to test tropical photosynthetic corals, and their response to organic solvents, recurrently required in toxicological appraisals, remains unknown. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the oxidative stress profiles and photochemical response of photosynthetic corals exposed to different organic solvents (ethanol, methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide – DMSO), commonly used in ecotoxicological studies, expecting to contribute to the standardization and optimization of protocols. The results from the first study, with the species Zoanthus sociatus (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia), suggested that this species is more sensitive to DMSO than to ethanol or methanol. DMSO lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) was 0.01 mL L-1, while for ethanol and methanol LOEC were 0.1 mL L-1, even though the highest concentration of ethanol (2.9 mL L-1) was the only treatment causing mortality to Z. sociatus. Nevertheless, the distinctive response of this species evidenced the need to perform further similar studies with other coral species, given the diversity of these organisms. In this sense, a second trial was performed in order to assess the effect of the same organic solvents in two different species, Montipora digitata (Hexacorallia: Scleractinia) and Sarcophyton glaucum (Octocorallia: Alcyonaria). The species M. digitata, able to produce its own calcium carbonate skeleton, and therefore important to reef build, was more sensitive to ethanol than to methanol or DMSO. Ethanol lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) was 0.01 mL L-1, for methanol LOEC was 0.3 mL L-1, and for DMSO LOEC was 0.1 mL L-1. Notwithstanding, the highest concentration of ethanol and DMSO (2.9 mL L-1) caused mortality in M. digitata. The species S. glaucum, unable to segregate a calcium carbonate skeleton, was more sensitive to methanol than to ethanol or DMSO. Ethanol LOEC was 2.9 mL L-1, for methanol LOEC was 0.01 mL L-1, and for DMSO LOEC was 0.3 mL L-1. Considering this, a baseline for the use of organic solvents with tropical corals was set. Nevertheless, it is important to stress out that a major knowledge gap regarding coral physiology still exists.Os recifes de coral fornecem importantíssimos bens e serviços ecossistémicos nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais do planeta. No entanto, o aumento das pressões antropogénicas, como por exemplo a poluição marinha ou a procura crescente de biomassa de coral para diversas aplicações económicas, bem como os danos provocados pelas alterações climáticas, têm contribuído para a degradação deste ecossistema a um ritmo alarmante. Consequentemente a comunidade científica internacional tem intensificado a investigação realizada com corais, com os objetivos de estudar e conhecer os efeitos dos fatores de stress existentes e identificar possíveis estratégias de mitigação. Deste modo, a realização de estudos ecotoxicológicos, com o objetivo de estudar o efeito de poluentes emergentes ou persistentes nestes organismos, pode contribuir para o avanço do estado da arte. Contudo, não existem metodologias standardizadas para testes com corais tropicais fotossintéticos e, consequentemente, a sua resposta a solventes orgânicos, frequentemente utilizados em ensaios toxicológicos, permanece desconhecida. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve como principal objetivo analisar os perfis de stress oxidativo e a resposta fotobiológica de corais fotossintéticos expostos a diferentes solventes orgânicos (etanol, metanol e dimetil sulfoxido - DMSO), normalmente utilizados em estudos ecotoxicológicos, procurando contribuir para a standardização e otimização de protocolos. Os resultados do primeiro ensaio, realizado com a espécie Zoanthus sociatus (Ellis, 1786) (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia), sugerem que esta espécie é mais sensível ao DMSO do que ao etanol ou metanol. A concentração mais baixa com efeito (LOEC) do DMSO foi 0.01 mL L-1, enquanto que para o etanol e metanol, o LOEC foi de 0.1 mL L-1, ainda que a concentração mais alta de etanol (2.9 mL L-1) tenha sido a única a provocar mortalidade na espécie Z. sociatus. Contudo, os resultados obtidos, designadamente a forma diferenciada como esta espécie respondeu aos solventes testados, evidenciou a necessidade da realização de estudos semelhantes com outras espécies de corais, dada a diversidade apresentada por estes organismos. Neste sentido, realizou-se um segundo ensaio, para avaliar o efeito dos mesmos solventes orgânicos em duas espécies distintas, Montipora digitata (Hexacorallia: Scleractinia) e Sarcophyton glaucum (Octocorallia: Alcyonaria). A espécie M. digitata, com capacidade de segregar o seu exosqueleto de carbonato de cálcio, cujo papel na formação de recifes é imprescindível, foi mais sensível ao etanol do que ao metanol ou DMSO. O LOEC para o etanol foi de 0.01 mL L-1, para o metanol foi de 0.3 mL L-1 e para o DMSO foi de 0.1 mL L-1. Ainda assim, a concentração mais alta de etanol e DMSO (2.9 mL L-1) causou mortalidade na espécie M. digitata. A espécie S. glaucum, sem capacidade de segregar exosqueleto, foi mais sensível ao metanol do que ao etanol ou DMSO. O LOEC para a exposição a etanol foi de 2.9 mL L-1, para a exposição a metanol 0.01 mL L-1 e para a exposição a DMSO 0.3 mL L-1. Considerando os resultados obtidos, os solventes orgânicos podem ser utilizados em ecotoxicologia de corais tropicais com uma base sólida. Não obstante, é importante referir que existe ainda uma grande falta de informação no que diz respeito à fisiologia de corais, que deve ser aprofundada.2021-11-19T00:00:00Z2019-01-01T00:00:00Z2019info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10773/27958engSilva, Davide Augusto Machadoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-02-22T11:54:09Zoai:ria.ua.pt:10773/27958Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T03:00:38.384224Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
The effect of organic solvents in photosynthetic corals |
title |
The effect of organic solvents in photosynthetic corals |
spellingShingle |
The effect of organic solvents in photosynthetic corals Silva, Davide Augusto Machado Coral Organic solvents Ecotoxicology Oxidative stress Fotobiology |
title_short |
The effect of organic solvents in photosynthetic corals |
title_full |
The effect of organic solvents in photosynthetic corals |
title_fullStr |
The effect of organic solvents in photosynthetic corals |
title_full_unstemmed |
The effect of organic solvents in photosynthetic corals |
title_sort |
The effect of organic solvents in photosynthetic corals |
author |
Silva, Davide Augusto Machado |
author_facet |
Silva, Davide Augusto Machado |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Silva, Davide Augusto Machado |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Coral Organic solvents Ecotoxicology Oxidative stress Fotobiology |
topic |
Coral Organic solvents Ecotoxicology Oxidative stress Fotobiology |
description |
Tropical coral reefs provide important ecosystem services and goods in the tropical and subtropical regions of the planet. However, the increase of anthropogenic pressures, such as marine pollution or the escalating coral biomass demand for several different economic applications, as well as the damage caused by climate change, have contributed to the degradation of this ecosystem at an alarming rate. Consequently, the international scientific community has been intensifying coral research, aiming to study and acknowledge the effects of existing stress factors and to identify possible mitigation strategies. Thus, ecotoxicology studies, targeting the effect of emergent or persistent pollutants in these organisms can contribute to the state of the art. However, there are no standardized methodologies to test tropical photosynthetic corals, and their response to organic solvents, recurrently required in toxicological appraisals, remains unknown. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the oxidative stress profiles and photochemical response of photosynthetic corals exposed to different organic solvents (ethanol, methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide – DMSO), commonly used in ecotoxicological studies, expecting to contribute to the standardization and optimization of protocols. The results from the first study, with the species Zoanthus sociatus (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia), suggested that this species is more sensitive to DMSO than to ethanol or methanol. DMSO lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) was 0.01 mL L-1, while for ethanol and methanol LOEC were 0.1 mL L-1, even though the highest concentration of ethanol (2.9 mL L-1) was the only treatment causing mortality to Z. sociatus. Nevertheless, the distinctive response of this species evidenced the need to perform further similar studies with other coral species, given the diversity of these organisms. In this sense, a second trial was performed in order to assess the effect of the same organic solvents in two different species, Montipora digitata (Hexacorallia: Scleractinia) and Sarcophyton glaucum (Octocorallia: Alcyonaria). The species M. digitata, able to produce its own calcium carbonate skeleton, and therefore important to reef build, was more sensitive to ethanol than to methanol or DMSO. Ethanol lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) was 0.01 mL L-1, for methanol LOEC was 0.3 mL L-1, and for DMSO LOEC was 0.1 mL L-1. Notwithstanding, the highest concentration of ethanol and DMSO (2.9 mL L-1) caused mortality in M. digitata. The species S. glaucum, unable to segregate a calcium carbonate skeleton, was more sensitive to methanol than to ethanol or DMSO. Ethanol LOEC was 2.9 mL L-1, for methanol LOEC was 0.01 mL L-1, and for DMSO LOEC was 0.3 mL L-1. Considering this, a baseline for the use of organic solvents with tropical corals was set. Nevertheless, it is important to stress out that a major knowledge gap regarding coral physiology still exists. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-01-01T00:00:00Z 2019 2021-11-19T00:00:00Z |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10773/27958 |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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