Toxicidade do cádmio em uma cadeia alimentar constituída por uma microalga (Scenedesmus quadricauda), um cladócero (Simocephalus serrulatus) e um peixe (Hyphessobrycon eques)
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2012 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1782 |
Resumo: | The effects of trace metals contamination in aquatic environments are of concern in the ecotoxicological point of view. In these environments the organisms are exposed to metals in the dissolved form and also through ingestion of contaminated food in the food chain. The phytoplanktonic organisms are the basis of food chains and are responsible for primary productivity. Zooplankton is a link between primary producers and higher trophic levels, such as fish. The exposure of these organisms to metals will cause changes in the physiology, affect productivity rates, and the balance and dynamics of aquatic communities. This study evaluated the effects of the metal cadmium (Cd) on an experimental freshwater food chain involving the algae Scenedesmus quadricauda, a cladoceran daphinidae, Simocephalus serrulatus, and the fish Hyphessobrycon eques. Cultures of S. quadricauda in exponential phase growth were exposed to 1.6x10-9; 3.2x10-8; 6.7x10-8; 1.6x10-7 and 1.3x10-6 mol L-1 of total dissolved Cd for 96 h. During exposure chlorophyll "a", population growth, coenobia size, and dry biomass were evaluated. Then the contaminated algae were given as food to the zooplankton S. serrulatus during the complete life cycle of the organisms in the concentration range of 3.8x10-14 to 5.9x10-12 g Cd cell-1. During the exposure the embryonic development time, age at first reproduction, time for egg production, generation time, longevity, fertility rates, feeding rates, secondary production, and recovery of the animals were evaluated. Then the cladocerans reared with Cd contaminated algae were used as food for the fish H. eques duruing a period of seven days. At the end of this exposure, we evaluated the histological structure of gills and liver, and the fresh weight of the animals. In S. quadricauda, there were damages on the chlorophyll content, and in the population growth at high concentrations of the metal. In the cladocerans were detected increase of the embryonic development time, age at first reproduction, and generation time, whereas a decrease of the longevity, fertility rates, feeding rates, and secondary production. The rate of secondary production showed recovery after removal the contaminated food. The histological patterns of gills and liver, as well as the fresh weight of the fish were not affected by the Cd exposure tested through the food chain considering the exposure period and concentrations tested. The results indicated that food can be considered an important vehicle in the Cd transfer from phytoplankton to zooplankton in aquatic food webs. Cd has a high potential for toxicity, impacting the producers and primary consumers. However, no Cd effects to the fish, the third trophic level, were detected. These studies are of great importance for understanding Cd behavior in aquatic environments, as well as its toxicity to the organisms. The understanding of these aspects contributes to adaptation strategies for the conservation of aquatic ecosystems in situations of contamination. |
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Souza, Jaqueline Pérola deMelão, Maria da Graça Gamahttp://genos.cnpq.br:12010/dwlattes/owa/prc_imp_cv_int?f_cod=K4784185U5http://lattes.cnpq.br/232050601476032965c3250e-c304-4e44-be27-924f18a96d052016-06-02T19:29:52Z2012-09-212016-06-02T19:29:52Z2012-04-27SOUZA, Jaqueline Pérola de. Cadmiun toxicity in an aquatic food chain formed by a microalga (Scenedesmus quadricauda), a cladocean (Simocephalus serrulatus) and a fish (Hypressobrycon eques). 2012. 140 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Biológicas) - Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2012.https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1782The effects of trace metals contamination in aquatic environments are of concern in the ecotoxicological point of view. In these environments the organisms are exposed to metals in the dissolved form and also through ingestion of contaminated food in the food chain. The phytoplanktonic organisms are the basis of food chains and are responsible for primary productivity. Zooplankton is a link between primary producers and higher trophic levels, such as fish. The exposure of these organisms to metals will cause changes in the physiology, affect productivity rates, and the balance and dynamics of aquatic communities. This study evaluated the effects of the metal cadmium (Cd) on an experimental freshwater food chain involving the algae Scenedesmus quadricauda, a cladoceran daphinidae, Simocephalus serrulatus, and the fish Hyphessobrycon eques. Cultures of S. quadricauda in exponential phase growth were exposed to 1.6x10-9; 3.2x10-8; 6.7x10-8; 1.6x10-7 and 1.3x10-6 mol L-1 of total dissolved Cd for 96 h. During exposure chlorophyll "a", population growth, coenobia size, and dry biomass were evaluated. Then the contaminated algae were given as food to the zooplankton S. serrulatus during the complete life cycle of the organisms in the concentration range of 3.8x10-14 to 5.9x10-12 g Cd cell-1. During the exposure the embryonic development time, age at first reproduction, time for egg production, generation time, longevity, fertility rates, feeding rates, secondary production, and recovery of the animals were evaluated. Then the cladocerans reared with Cd contaminated algae were used as food for the fish H. eques duruing a period of seven days. At the end of this exposure, we evaluated the histological structure of gills and liver, and the fresh weight of the animals. In S. quadricauda, there were damages on the chlorophyll content, and in the population growth at high concentrations of the metal. In the cladocerans were detected increase of the embryonic development time, age at first reproduction, and generation time, whereas a decrease of the longevity, fertility rates, feeding rates, and secondary production. The rate of secondary production showed recovery after removal the contaminated food. The histological patterns of gills and liver, as well as the fresh weight of the fish were not affected by the Cd exposure tested through the food chain considering the exposure period and concentrations tested. The results indicated that food can be considered an important vehicle in the Cd transfer from phytoplankton to zooplankton in aquatic food webs. Cd has a high potential for toxicity, impacting the producers and primary consumers. However, no Cd effects to the fish, the third trophic level, were detected. These studies are of great importance for understanding Cd behavior in aquatic environments, as well as its toxicity to the organisms. The understanding of these aspects contributes to adaptation strategies for the conservation of aquatic ecosystems in situations of contamination.Os efeitos da contaminação dos ambientes aquáticos por metais são preocupantes do ponto de vista ecotoxicológico. Nesses ambientes os organismos são expostos aos metais na forma dissolvida e também através da ingestão de alimentos contaminados via cadeia trófica. Os organismos fitoplanctônicos estão na base das cadeias alimentares dos ambientes aquáticos e são responsáveis pela produtividade primária. O zooplâncton constitui um elo entre produtores primários e níveis tróficos superiores, como os peixes. A exposição desses organismos aos metais pode ocasionar mudanças na fisiologia, afetar as taxas de produtividade, e, consequentemente o equilíbrio e dinâmica das populações e comunidades aquáticas. Este estudo avaliou os efeitos do metal cádmio (Cd) sobre uma cadeia alimentar experimental constituída por uma microalga clorofícea Scenedesmus quadricauda, um cladócero dafinídeo Simocephalus serrulatus e o peixe Hyphessobrycon eques. Cultivos de S. quadricauda em fase exponencial de crescimento foram expostos a 1,6x10-9; 3,2x10-8; 6,7x10- 8; 1,6x10-7 e 1,3x10-6 mol L-1 de Cd total dissolvido durante 96 h. A concentração de clorofila a , taxa de crescimento populacional, morfologia dos cenóbios e biomassa seca foram avaliadas durante a exposição. Depois de contaminadas as algas foram fornecidas como alimento aos cladóceros S. serrulatus durante todo seu ciclo de vida em concentrações entre 3,8x10-14 a 5,9x10-12 g Cd célula-1. Durante a exposição o tempo de duração do desenvolvimento embrionário, idade da primeira reprodução, intervalo na produção de ovos, tempo de geração, longevidade, taxas de fertilidade, taxas de alimentação, produtividade secundária e recuperação foram avaliados. Em seguida os cladóceros alimentados com algas contaminadas foram utilizados como alimento para o peixe H. eques por um período de sete dias. A estrutura histológica das brânquias e fígado e peso fresco dos animais foram avaliados ao final dessa exposição. Em S. quadricauda, houve diminuição no conteúdo de clorofila a e no crescimento populacional nas maiores concentrações do metal. Nos cladóceros ocorreu aumento do tempo de duração do desenvolvimento embrionário, idade da primípara e tempo de geração; houve diminuição da longevidade, das taxas de fertilidade, taxas de alimentação e produtividade secundária. A produção secundária foi recuperada após a retirada do alimento contaminado. Os padrões histológicos das brânquias e fígado dos peixes, assim como o peso fresco não foram afetados pela exposição ao Cd via cadeia alimentar considerando o período de exposição e a amplitude de concentração de Cd avaliada. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o alimento pode ser considerado um veículo importante na transferência do Cd do fitoplâncton para o zooplâncton nas cadeias tróficas aquáticas. O Cd tem elevado potencial de toxicidade impactando os produtores e consumidores primários. No entanto, não foi detectado efeitos do Cd no terceiro nível trófico. Esses estudos são importantes para o entendimento do comportamento do metal Cd nos ambientes aquáticos, bem como seu potencial de toxicidade sobre os organismos encontrados nesses ambientes. O entendimento desses aspectos contribui para adequação de estratégias de preservação dos ecossistemas aquáticos em situações de contaminação por Cd.Universidade Federal de Minas Geraisapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de São CarlosPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais - PPGERNUFSCarBREcossistemaEcotoxicologiaCadeias alimentares (Ecologia)CádmioProdução secundária (Biologia)ZooplânctonFitoplânctonMetalPeixeFishFood chainMetalPhytoplanktonSecondary productionZooplanktonCIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIAToxicidade do cádmio em uma cadeia alimentar constituída por uma microalga (Scenedesmus quadricauda), um cladócero (Simocephalus serrulatus) e um peixe (Hyphessobrycon eques)Cadmiun toxicity in an aquatic food chain formed by a microalga (Scenedesmus quadricauda), a cladocean (Simocephalus serrulatus) and a fish (Hypressobrycon eques)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis-1-1dc176969-1756-4354-8ff1-5242c10033aeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSCARinstname:Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR)instacron:UFSCARORIGINAL4522.pdfapplication/pdf5258666https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/1782/1/4522.pdf63af4d47236c40f5653d5e62225746e6MD51TEXT4522.pdf.txt4522.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain0https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/1782/2/4522.pdf.txtd41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427eMD52THUMBNAIL4522.pdf.jpg4522.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg7046https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/1782/3/4522.pdf.jpg247023aae9d67a37c40c291b09d297dfMD53ufscar/17822023-09-18 18:31:29.852oai:repositorio.ufscar.br:ufscar/1782Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://repositorio.ufscar.br/oai/requestopendoar:43222023-09-18T18:31:29Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR - Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Toxicidade do cádmio em uma cadeia alimentar constituída por uma microalga (Scenedesmus quadricauda), um cladócero (Simocephalus serrulatus) e um peixe (Hyphessobrycon eques) |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Cadmiun toxicity in an aquatic food chain formed by a microalga (Scenedesmus quadricauda), a cladocean (Simocephalus serrulatus) and a fish (Hypressobrycon eques) |
title |
Toxicidade do cádmio em uma cadeia alimentar constituída por uma microalga (Scenedesmus quadricauda), um cladócero (Simocephalus serrulatus) e um peixe (Hyphessobrycon eques) |
spellingShingle |
Toxicidade do cádmio em uma cadeia alimentar constituída por uma microalga (Scenedesmus quadricauda), um cladócero (Simocephalus serrulatus) e um peixe (Hyphessobrycon eques) Souza, Jaqueline Pérola de Ecossistema Ecotoxicologia Cadeias alimentares (Ecologia) Cádmio Produção secundária (Biologia) Zooplâncton Fitoplâncton Metal Peixe Fish Food chain Metal Phytoplankton Secondary production Zooplankton CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA |
title_short |
Toxicidade do cádmio em uma cadeia alimentar constituída por uma microalga (Scenedesmus quadricauda), um cladócero (Simocephalus serrulatus) e um peixe (Hyphessobrycon eques) |
title_full |
Toxicidade do cádmio em uma cadeia alimentar constituída por uma microalga (Scenedesmus quadricauda), um cladócero (Simocephalus serrulatus) e um peixe (Hyphessobrycon eques) |
title_fullStr |
Toxicidade do cádmio em uma cadeia alimentar constituída por uma microalga (Scenedesmus quadricauda), um cladócero (Simocephalus serrulatus) e um peixe (Hyphessobrycon eques) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Toxicidade do cádmio em uma cadeia alimentar constituída por uma microalga (Scenedesmus quadricauda), um cladócero (Simocephalus serrulatus) e um peixe (Hyphessobrycon eques) |
title_sort |
Toxicidade do cádmio em uma cadeia alimentar constituída por uma microalga (Scenedesmus quadricauda), um cladócero (Simocephalus serrulatus) e um peixe (Hyphessobrycon eques) |
author |
Souza, Jaqueline Pérola de |
author_facet |
Souza, Jaqueline Pérola de |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.authorlattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2320506014760329 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Souza, Jaqueline Pérola de |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Melão, Maria da Graça Gama |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://genos.cnpq.br:12010/dwlattes/owa/prc_imp_cv_int?f_cod=K4784185U5 |
dc.contributor.authorID.fl_str_mv |
65c3250e-c304-4e44-be27-924f18a96d05 |
contributor_str_mv |
Melão, Maria da Graça Gama |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Ecossistema Ecotoxicologia Cadeias alimentares (Ecologia) Cádmio Produção secundária (Biologia) Zooplâncton Fitoplâncton Metal Peixe |
topic |
Ecossistema Ecotoxicologia Cadeias alimentares (Ecologia) Cádmio Produção secundária (Biologia) Zooplâncton Fitoplâncton Metal Peixe Fish Food chain Metal Phytoplankton Secondary production Zooplankton CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Fish Food chain Metal Phytoplankton Secondary production Zooplankton |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA |
description |
The effects of trace metals contamination in aquatic environments are of concern in the ecotoxicological point of view. In these environments the organisms are exposed to metals in the dissolved form and also through ingestion of contaminated food in the food chain. The phytoplanktonic organisms are the basis of food chains and are responsible for primary productivity. Zooplankton is a link between primary producers and higher trophic levels, such as fish. The exposure of these organisms to metals will cause changes in the physiology, affect productivity rates, and the balance and dynamics of aquatic communities. This study evaluated the effects of the metal cadmium (Cd) on an experimental freshwater food chain involving the algae Scenedesmus quadricauda, a cladoceran daphinidae, Simocephalus serrulatus, and the fish Hyphessobrycon eques. Cultures of S. quadricauda in exponential phase growth were exposed to 1.6x10-9; 3.2x10-8; 6.7x10-8; 1.6x10-7 and 1.3x10-6 mol L-1 of total dissolved Cd for 96 h. During exposure chlorophyll "a", population growth, coenobia size, and dry biomass were evaluated. Then the contaminated algae were given as food to the zooplankton S. serrulatus during the complete life cycle of the organisms in the concentration range of 3.8x10-14 to 5.9x10-12 g Cd cell-1. During the exposure the embryonic development time, age at first reproduction, time for egg production, generation time, longevity, fertility rates, feeding rates, secondary production, and recovery of the animals were evaluated. Then the cladocerans reared with Cd contaminated algae were used as food for the fish H. eques duruing a period of seven days. At the end of this exposure, we evaluated the histological structure of gills and liver, and the fresh weight of the animals. In S. quadricauda, there were damages on the chlorophyll content, and in the population growth at high concentrations of the metal. In the cladocerans were detected increase of the embryonic development time, age at first reproduction, and generation time, whereas a decrease of the longevity, fertility rates, feeding rates, and secondary production. The rate of secondary production showed recovery after removal the contaminated food. The histological patterns of gills and liver, as well as the fresh weight of the fish were not affected by the Cd exposure tested through the food chain considering the exposure period and concentrations tested. The results indicated that food can be considered an important vehicle in the Cd transfer from phytoplankton to zooplankton in aquatic food webs. Cd has a high potential for toxicity, impacting the producers and primary consumers. However, no Cd effects to the fish, the third trophic level, were detected. These studies are of great importance for understanding Cd behavior in aquatic environments, as well as its toxicity to the organisms. The understanding of these aspects contributes to adaptation strategies for the conservation of aquatic ecosystems in situations of contamination. |
publishDate |
2012 |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2012-09-21 2016-06-02T19:29:52Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2012-04-27 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2016-06-02T19:29:52Z |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
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doctoralThesis |
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publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
SOUZA, Jaqueline Pérola de. Cadmiun toxicity in an aquatic food chain formed by a microalga (Scenedesmus quadricauda), a cladocean (Simocephalus serrulatus) and a fish (Hypressobrycon eques). 2012. 140 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Biológicas) - Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2012. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1782 |
identifier_str_mv |
SOUZA, Jaqueline Pérola de. Cadmiun toxicity in an aquatic food chain formed by a microalga (Scenedesmus quadricauda), a cladocean (Simocephalus serrulatus) and a fish (Hypressobrycon eques). 2012. 140 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Biológicas) - Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2012. |
url |
https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1782 |
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por |
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dc176969-1756-4354-8ff1-5242c10033ae |
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openAccess |
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Universidade Federal de São Carlos |
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Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais - PPGERN |
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UFSCar |
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BR |
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Universidade Federal de São Carlos |
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