Ação de compostos bioativos na conservação pós-colheita de manga 'Tommy Atkins' (Mangifera indica L.)

• Autor(a) principal: Cruz, Maria Julia da Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2006
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/1099
• topic: Antracnose; Controle; Frutos; Conservação, Plantas medicinais; Brasil.; Anthracnose; Control; Conservation; Fruits; Medicinal plants; Brazil.; Ciências Agrárias; Agronomia

For the control of phytopathogen in vivo, we can use natural compounds originating of plants. The present work had for objective evaluate the effectiveness of essential oils in antracnose control of mangos (Mangifera indica L.) cv "Tommy Atkins" in post harvest phase providing larger shelf life. The fruits selected naturally infected of the field were heavy; disinfected in solution of sodium hypochlorite, rinsed, dry and submitted to the different treatments. The control was constituted of fruits treated with distilled water. The fruits treaties stayed for 21 days under ambient conditions reproducing the commercialization conditions with monitor of the temperature and of the relative humidity; conditioned in plastic wrapped up vats by sacks of polyethylene. Every seven days until the 21st day, the fruits had physical, chemistries and phytosanitary evaluations. The first experiment consisted of immersion in distilled H2O, use of essential oils of the medicinal plants Citrus sinensis var. pera, Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus citriodora and Origanum majorana in dosage of 500 µL that were applied in the fumigation form as well as the distilled water, bicarbonate of sodium diluted in distilled water, for immersion; all in the time of 3 min. The Experiment 2 was constituted of the use of essential oils of the medicinal plants in emulsion, of essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum and Mentha piperita diluted in water distilled to room temperature, in the dosages of 1.000 µL; immersion in emulsion of essential oil of O. gratissimum and M. piperita diluted in distilled water the one of 50o C, in the dosage of 1.000 µL; immersion in solution of citric extract - Ecolife40; immersion in water distilled at 50ºC and all for the time of 5 min, the emulsifier agent was used in the emulsions of oil/water. Were accomplished physical evaluations: reduction of the mass of the fruits, color of the peel and pulp, reduction of the length and traverse diameter. Chemical characteristics: titratable acidity total, soluble solids total (o Brix) and pH; the incidence of the disease for the number of fruits with visible symptoms. The experimental design were casualty entirely and were constituted by seven treatments and four repetitions. The obtained results were statistics analyzed, in the longitudinal and equatorial diameters was evaluated through Shapiro-Wilk to 5% and for Widespread Lineal Models, mass reduction chose for the distribution Binomial Negativa with function of logarithmic connection. In the color of the peel, pulp, pH, titratable acidity total and Brix in the Experiment 1, opted for the variance analysis through the test of Scott-Knott to 5%, in the significant interaction, regression analyses were accomplished; for the number of sick fruits with antracnose considered as answer variable, measure in a time of storage of 21 days, with the treatments as only variation source, opted for the Widespread Lineal Models, with distribution of Poisson and function logarithmic connection (canonical). The treatments with natural products provided elevation of the pH, reduction in the acidity and larger tenors of soluble solids, along the ripening, and the treatment with the essential oil of Citrus sinensis and bicarbonate of sodium, provided the largest tenors of soluble solids total, in the Experiment 1, the antracnose incidence was smaller in the fruits submitted to the treatment with the essential oil of Citrus sinensis, being proven "in vivo", the fungitoxic activity of the same