A influência das habilidades sociais na percepção de apoio social em adolescentes

• Autor(a) principal: Leopoldino, Letícia Costa
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Outros Autores: [e-mail]
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/19222
• topic: Social skills; Social support; Adolescence; Habilidades sociais; Apoio social; Adolescência; CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA::PSICOLOGIA SOCIAL

Adolescence concerns a biopsychosocial phenomenon provided by multideterminants changes and challenges, that may expose the subject to vulnerabilities, as violences, anxiety, depression and suicide. For these changes to be beneficial to adolescents, it is crucial to strengthen social skills and social support, so that they work as protective factors for mental health. Based on the Bioecological Theory of Development, the present study investigated how social skills influence adolescents' perception of social support, considering differences by age group, gender and skin color. Thus, the specific objectives were: (1) to verify whether there are significant differences in the perception of social support (family, friends and teachers), considering the age of the adolescents; (2) to verify whether there are significant differences in the perception of social support (family, friends and teachers), considering the adolescents' gender; (3) verify whether there are significant differences in social skills among adolescents, considering age; (4) verify whether there are significant differences in social skills considering gender; (5) to verify whether there is a correlation between social skills and the perception of social support (family, friends and teachers) in adolescents; (6) to verify whether social skills and the variables gender, age and skin color predict the perception of social support (family, friends and teachers) in adolescents; (7) to verify, through a Path Analysis, whether the social support of the family, friends and teachers are predicted, at the same time, by social skills, sex, age and skin color. There were 709 students participants, being 364 (51.3%) girls and 345 (48.7%) boys, aged between 11 and 20 years (M=14.05 years; SD=1.59), selected by convenience, who attended the 7th, 8th and 9th year of Elementary School in five public schools in the metropolitan region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The instruments used were: (1) Social Skills Inventory for Adolescents (IHSA-Del-Prette); (2) Social Support Appraisal (SSA); and (3) Questionnaire with sociodemographic information. The results indicated that younger adolescents perceived more social support from family and teachers than older ones. As for gender, girls indicated higher rates of perceived social support from friends, while boys perceived more family support. Regarding social skills, younger adolescents showed higher levels of assertiveness. The female gender reported lower means of self-control compared to the male gender. For assertiveness scores, the female gender was more expressive. In the ability of affective approach, female adolescents had lower rates. The multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the variable with the greatest predictive power was empathy, explaining 8% of the variance of social support from friends, 5% of the perception of social support from the family and 8% of the teachers' perception of social support. The results of the multivariate model by path analysis showed that, with the exception of the regression coefficient of assertiveness on teachers' social support, all effects were significant. Based on the research data, it will be possible to implement future interventions and public policies with adolescents from vulnerable social contexts.