O processo de modernização autoritária da agricultura no Espírito Santo : os índios Tupiniquim e Guarani Mbya e a empresa Aracruz Celulose S/A (1967-1983)

• Autor(a) principal: Loureiro, Klítia
• Data de Publicação: 2006
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/3407
• topic: Indigenous land conflict; Ethnic identity; Aracruz Celulose; Posse de terras indígenas - conflitos; Identidade étnica; História; Aracruz Celulose; Índios Guarani - Identidade étnica; Índios Guarani - Posse da terra; Índios Tupinikin - Identidade étnica; Índios Tupinikin - Posse da terra; 93/99

This study demonstrates that the establishment of Aracruz Celulose Company in Aracruz municipality, North region of Espírito Santo state, was the result of agrarian politics of Brazilian military dictatorship post-1964. Since its origin there have been several conflicts involving indigenous people versus enterprise and its allies. However, all the political decisions about land conflict were under militaries control. They developed and stimulated many projects of agricultural investment but, at the same time, they avoided any participation of Brazilian society in the discussion about the effects of these plans. The research points out that the installation of the Aracruz Celulose is related to the international, national and regional capitalist dynamic: at international level, due to the fast expansion of foreign trade and the availability of capital for investments and financings; at national level, because the states incentives to agriculture modernization between 1960 and 1980 provoked structural changes in the sector; at regional level, because the military agriculture politics were in accord with the local elite interests that spared no efforts to promote the diversification and/or industrialization of state economy which was still very dependent on the coffee culture until then. The research also indicates that the installation of the Aracruz Celulose in the Aracruz municipality not only changed the possession and the use of the land, but also affected the native population (indigenous community, peasants, ex-slaves, etc.). In the light of these events, it analyses the development of the struggle for ethnic identity recognition of Tupinikin indigenous group and the land conflict in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo between the 1967’s and 1983, caused by the establishment of Aracruz Celulose Company in 1972.