Genotipagem para resistência primária e secundária em pacientes infectadospelo HIV-1 do estado de Goiás

• Autor(a) principal: Cardoso, Ludimila Paula Vaz
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5364
• topic: Genotipagem; Pacientes HIV-1; Mutação; Resistência; Genotyping; HIV-1 patients; Mutations; Resistence; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::IMUNOLOGIA

HIV-1 resistance to antiretroviral (ARV): nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), protease inhibitors (PI) and new ARV classes, like enfurvitide (T-20), represents a challenge for sustainable virological and immunologic responses. This study describes the prevalence of primary and secondary HIV-1 drug resistance and subtypes circulating in Central West Brazil. HIV-1 phylogenetic diversity and ARV resistance mutations were assessed among 97 ARV naïve patients, 48 ARV experienced patients and 77 HIV-1 pregnant women from Goiânia/GO. Protease (PR), partial reverse transcriptase (RT) and gp41 genes were amplified and sequenced from plasma RNA. HIV-1 pol subtypes were assigned by phylogenetic analysis and env/gag subtypes were identified by heteroduplex mobility analysis (HMA). ARV resistance mutations were analyzed by Stanford University Database, Internacional AIDS Society, Los Alamos Database and other sources. Among ARV naïve patients, primary drug resistance ranged from 8-10%. IP (n=2), NRTI (n=3), NRTI (n=1), IP+NRTI (n=1) e NRTI+NNRTI (n=3). Subtype B represented 82.5%, subtype F1 6.2%, subtype C 3.1%, BPR/F1RT 7.2% and one sample was F1PR/CBRT mosaic. Among ARV experienced patients, secondary drug resistance was 79%: NRTI (n=1), NNRTI (n=1), PI+NRTI or NRTI+NNRTI (n=20), PI+NRTI+NNRTI (n=16, considered multidrug resistant-MDR). In the HIV-1 pol gene, subtype B represented 79.2%, subtype F1 4.2%, subtype C 2.1%, F1PR/BRT 8.3% and BPR/F1RT 6.3%. Among MDR patients, the mosaic F1PR/BRT/F1ENV (n=1) and subtype BPR/BRT/BENV (n=13) were identified. G36E, N42T and N43S T-20 resistance mutations were observed in 3 MDR patients. In the group of pregnant women, none had primary drug resistance mutations. Among 42 ARV experienced pregnant women, 16.7% presented HIV-1 isolates with drug resistance mutations: NRTI (n=2), NRTI + NNRTI (n=2), PI + NTRI (n=2) and PI+NRTI+NNRTI (n=1). Regarding HIV-1 subtypes in env gag/PR RT genes, 66.2% were subtype B, 3.9% subtype C and 6.5% subtype F1. Our data from Central West Brazil show extensive genetic diversity with a significant proportion of distinct BF1 recombinants and the co-circulation of subtypes B, F1 and C. Moreover our data show that ARV naïve and ARV experienced patients, including pregnant women, can benefit from genotyping for ARV drug resistance, to improve clinical management and salvage therapy, which are also important to control HIV-1 transmission.