Impactos da aplicação de vinhaça sobre as propriedades químicas do solo e de seu efluente

• Autor(a) principal: SILVA, Mellissa Ananias Soler da
• Data de Publicação: 2007
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/437
• topic: especiação iônica; vinhoto; lixiviação; colunas de solo; 1. Cana-de-açúcar Adubos e fertilizantes 2. Cana-de-açúcar Vinhaça 3. Vinhaça Impacto ambiental 4. Vinhaça Contaminação - Águas 5. Solos Especiação iônica 6. Solos Lixiviação; ion speciation; leaching; soil columns; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of vinasse on soil columns effluents besides quantify ionic species in soil layers as affected by vinasse application, and its downward movement along time. Soil samples were collected at two different areas: the first one is a sugarcane field cropped during 21 years; the second one, an untouched savannah area. Soil samples were brought to Greenhouse of Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos (EA/UFG) and were built two experiments: 1º) These samples were inserted into PVC columns with 120 cm height x 25 cm diameter, inner coated with raffia bags, and cropped with sugarcane. Vinasse treatments were applied on soil columns at rates equivalent to 0, 300, 600 e 1200 m3 ha-1. Effluents were sampled at four times (0, 60, 90 and 120 days) after vinasse application, followed by chemical determination of organic carbon (CO), Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4 +, NO3 -, SO4 2- and, pH; 2º) These samples were put into PVC columns with 120 cm height x 10 cm diameter, inner coated with two waterproof ink layers mixed with sand, partially cut into 0-10, 10- 20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-120 cm layers. Vinasse treatments were applied with no additional water on soil columns at rates equivalent to 0, 300, 600, 1200 and 2400 m3 ha-1. At each date 0, 60, 90 and 120 days after the beginning of the experiment correspondent layers from the soil columns were sampled for soil chemical analyses of P, NO3 -, NH4 +, Cl-, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO4 2-, CO, pH and CEC. In the first one were concluded the vinasse increase the effluents pH. When the amount of vinasse was 1200 m3 ha-1 the complexes of Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations and SO4 2- and Cl- anions with organic matter were formed, enhancing their leaching. Applications of high amounts then 1200 m3 ha-1 of vinasse may disperse the soil. In the second one was observed the vinasse applications increase K+, Ca2+ and Na+ and P availability on surface and on downward layers of the soil profiles. Ions like Na+ and K+ may cause soil physical dispersion, increasing its susceptibility to erosive processes.