Etnofarmacobotânica e os saberes tradicionais na comunidade Barreirinho, Santo Antônio do Leverger - MT, Brasil

• Autor(a) principal: Ferreira, André Luís de Souza
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFMT
• Texto Completo: http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/2655
• topic: Etnoecologia; Conhecimento tradicional; Plantas medicinais; Bioensaio de toxicidade; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL; Ethnoecology; Traditional knowledge; Medicinal plants; Toxicity bioassay

Ethnobotany is a science that studies plants and their interaction with human communities, as well as the interpretation of knowledge, cultural meaning, management and traditional uses of flora elements. Traditional communities have a vast knowledge about the use of plant resources for a wide range of purposes, mainly medicinal uses, which through ethnopharmacology seeks to understand the use and interaction of man with the vegetal nature, but many are unaware of the fact that even medicinal plants to present degrees of toxicity. The objective of this research was to investigate and systematically analyze the empirical knowledge of the Barreirinho community in Santo Antônio do Leverger - MT on the use of local flora with a focus on medicinal plants, highlighting their uses, therapeutic indications as well as performing a toxicity bioassay against the Artemia salina Leach with plant species cultivated and used as medicinal. The methodological aspect for the ethnobotanical data addressed qualitative and quantitative treatments. The qualitative technique used the snowball sampling technique with pre-test application, semi-structured and open interviews, guided tour and photographic record. In the quantitative, the Informant Consensus was used, which evaluated the Loyalty Level (NF), Correction Factor (FC) and the relative importance of agreement of use (Pcup) among the informants users of the medicinal plants. For the bioassay of toxicity against Artemia salina were prepared the ethanolic extracts, hot aqueous and cold aqueous, of the leaves of medicinal species. 45 residents were interviewed in 34 residences visited, the majority being male (58%). The age ranged from 19 to 85 years old. As to the origin, 88% are from the state of Mato Grosso, 40% of which were born in Santo Antônio do Leverger, and the rest of the states of Ceará, Paraná, Bahia and Paraíba. 77% live in the community for more than 10 years, while the stay in Barreirinho ranged from 8 months to 85 years. The educational level ranged from non-literate to higher level with an emphasis on elementary education complete with approximately 35% and complete secondary education with 33%. A total of 206 plant species belonging to 70 botanical families were cited, with 1890 citations, 141 of which were cited by the deponents for medicinal ethnocategory distributed in 53 botanical families. Among the medicinal species mentioned by the informants and used in the toxicity bioassay in Artemia salina are: Vernonia polyanthes Less quoted by 25 deponents with a Pcup of 69%, Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels with 21 citations and Pcup of 66%, Vitex megapotmica (Sprengel) Moldenke with 19 citations and Pcup of 59% and, finally, Copaifera langsdoffii Desf. with 12 quotes and Pcup of 38%. In the assays performed with the aqueous extracts, both hot and cold, moderate toxicity was observed only for the warm aqueous (infusion) extract of the jamelão (LC50 = 390.75 μg/mL), which suggests caution in its administration . For the ethanolic extract, the copaiba extract was considered to be moderately toxic (CL50 = 410.21 μg/mL), tarumã (LC50 = 767.32 μg/mL) and jamelão (LC50 = 634.29 μg/mL) were considered to be of low toxicity. Only the ethanolic extract of assa-fish was considered non-toxic. With the accomplishment of the research, is the fundamental importance of this rescue of the traditional and local knowledge that serves as base for many scientific studies attesting and confirming the knowledge that is practiced for many years, besides emphasizing and registering the important empirical knowledge.