Adesão à reforma psiquiátrica e preconceito frente ao doente mental: um estudo com universitários à luz da teoria das representações sociais

• Autor(a) principal: Sousa, Patrícia Fonseca de
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/11691
• topic: Reforma psiquiátrica; Doença mental; Universitários; Representação social; Psychiatric reform; Mental disease; University students; Social representation.; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA

In the last decades, changes happened in the assistance to mental health, guided in the psychiatric reform. Facing this context, the importance of studying the relation between the social representations about the psychiatric reform and the mental patient, adhesion to the paradigms of attention in mental health and prejudice against the mental patient, among the university students are highlighted. This dissertation was organized along with three studies. The Study I aimed to perform the validation of the factorial structure of the Scale of Attitudes in Mental Health and of the Scale of Rejection to the Intimacy. 404 university students took part in the research, most of them females (69,9%) and with average age of 24 years (SD =5,67). About the scale of Attitudes in Mental Health, two factors were extracted, explaining a total variance of 33,1%. In the factor 1, the α = 0,71 and in the factor 2 the α = 0,66. Regarding to the Scale of Rejection to the Intimacy, one unique factor emerged, explaining a total variance of 48% and with α = 0,88. It was concluded that both scales presented satisfactory for the use in the chosen context. The Study II aimed to perform the replication of the factorial structure of the two scales used in the Study I. 396 university students took part in the research, most of them females (69,9%) and with average age of 23 years (SD =5,41). The bifactorial structure of the Scale of Attitudes in Mental Health and unifactorial of the Scale of Rejection of Intimacy was kept. The Study III, intended to analyse the social representation of the university student about the psychiatric reform and the mental patient relation with the adhesion of these students to the paradigms of attention in mental health and with the prejudice against the mental patient. 480 university students took part in the research, distributed among the courses of psychology, medicine and nursing; most of them females (74,4%) and with average age of 24 years (SD =5,98). Data was collected through two scales used in the Studies I and II and of the TALP (the induction stimuli: psychiatric reform and mental patient). The results of the Scale of Attitudes in Mental Health indicate the adhesion of the students of the three courses to the psychosocial paradigm. The Scale of Rejection to the Intimacy indicated bigger prejudice against the mental patient among the students of medicine and smaller prejudice among the students of psychology. It was also observed a negative correlation among the prejudice against the mental patient and the adhesion to the psychosocial paradigm (r = - 0,25, p < 0,05). About the social representation of the psychiatric reform, the results obtained through EVOC revealed knowledge among the university students about the policy of assistance in mental health. About the social representation of the mental patient, this was marked by the prejudice and linked to the biomedical paradigm. The results showed, among the participants of this study, an ambiguity about the comprehension of the precepts of the psychiatric reform; they showed knowledge about the practices that guide this new model of assistance in mental health, but presented a social representation linked to the biomedical paradigm and, consequently, associated to the prejudice. This finding seems to be a reflex of the situation today in the area of the mental health, in which the biomedical paradigm was not totally overcome nor the psychosocial paradigm totally established.