Tabagismo e qualidade de vida: um estudo das implicações biopsicossociais à luz das representações sociais

• Autor(a) principal: Gonçalves, Clênia Maria Toledo de Santana
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/6938
• topic: Tabagismo; Representações sociais; Saúde coletiva; Saúde pública; Qualidade de vida; Smoking; Social representations; Collective health; Public health; Quality of life; CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA

Revisiting the socio historical course of smoking, it is observed that in the mid of twentieth century occurred a worldwide broaden of its use supported by advanced marketing and advertising techniques. During this period, magazines and newspapers had occupied entire pages by exhibiting colorful ads concerning cigarette use; advertisements showed famous cigarette brands, with divas and heartthrobs showing pompous cigarette in their mouth, signaling this way a sophisticated lifestyle. Nowadays smoking is worldwide considered a public health problem, causing limiting diseases and/or life-threatening, affecting substantially the quality of life of people. Based on these assumptions, this thesis aims at apprehending the social representations of tobacco elaborated by smokers and nonsmokers and evaluate the quality of their life. In order to carry out this research, it was used the theoretical approach of the social representations, mainly for the possibility of assessing the interaction between subjects/social object, on which individuals construct a particular reality, determining behaviors. To achieve the proposed aims, it was carried out two studies. The first study is about an exploratory research, characterized by a multi-method approach, with a sample of 120 adults, males and females, 60 smokers and 60 nonsmokers who develop professional activities in specialized public health institutions and three public institutions of education. The research instruments used were a biossociodemographic questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, the technique of free words association and the Fagerström Tolerance questionnaire. The data gathering was individually carried out, the interviews were recorded and subsequently analyzed using the software Alceste, and the technique of free words association was processed by software Tri-deux-mots. This study revealed that smoking has a higher incidence in the group of women, high school bachelors, aged around 40 years and age of smoking between 10-20 years, negatively objectified by science and the community, and anchored in physicochemical, psychosocial and subjective contexts. The second study, characterized by quantitative research, counted on a sample of 160 adults, male and female, 80 smokers and 80 nonsmokers. It was carried out in three public education institutions and counted on the following instruments: a biossociodemographic questionnaire the questionnaire Fagerström Tolerance and Whoqol-bref. These instruments were analyzed by the statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 18). The data indicated a predominance of single high school women who started smoking with an average age of 15.9. The quality of life of smokers is mostly lower than those of nonsmokers. The social object of this study is revealed as a complex, multidimensional and multifactorial phenomenon. It is expected these findings may generate more knowledge, expand the dialogue between the various fields of science, apart from social psychology, as well as promote reflections concerning interventional proposals, especially those of preventive approach.