Mapping subnational HIV mortality in six Latin American countries with incomplete vital registration systems
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Outros Autores: | |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFRGS |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10183/221251 |
Resumo: | Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a public health priority in Latin America. While the burden of HIV is historically concentrated in urban areas and high-risk groups, subnational estimates that cover multiple countries and years are missing. This paucity is partially due to incomplete vital registration (VR) systems and statistical challenges related to estimating mortality rates in areas with low numbers of HIV deaths. In this analysis, we address this gap and provide novel estimates of the HIV mortality rate and the number of HIV deaths by age group, sex, and municipality in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico. Methods: We performed an ecological study using VR data ranging from 2000 to 2017, dependent on individual country data availability. We modeled HIV mortality using a Bayesian spatially explicit mixed-effects regression model that incorporates prior information on VR completeness. We calibrated our results to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Results: All countries displayed over a 40-fold difference in HIV mortality between municipalities with the highest and lowest age-standardized HIV mortality rate in the last year of study for men, and over a 20-fold difference for women. Despite decreases in national HIV mortality in all countries—apart from Ecuador—across the period of study, we found broad variation in relative changes in HIV mortality at the municipality level and increasing relative inequality over time in all countries. In all six countries included in this analysis, 50% or more HIV deaths were concentrated in fewer than 10% of municipalities in the latest year of study. In addition, national age patterns reflected shifts in mortality to older age groups—the median age group among decedents ranged from 30 to 45 years of age at the municipality level in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico in 2017. Conclusions: Our subnational estimates of HIV mortality revealed significant spatial variation and diverging local trends in HIV mortality over time and by age. This analysis provides a framework for incorporating data and uncertainty from incomplete VR systems and can help guide more geographically precise public health intervention to support HIV-related care and reduce HIV-related deaths. |
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Cork, Michael A.Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia de2021-05-19T04:30:26Z20211741-7015http://hdl.handle.net/10183/221251001125728Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a public health priority in Latin America. While the burden of HIV is historically concentrated in urban areas and high-risk groups, subnational estimates that cover multiple countries and years are missing. This paucity is partially due to incomplete vital registration (VR) systems and statistical challenges related to estimating mortality rates in areas with low numbers of HIV deaths. In this analysis, we address this gap and provide novel estimates of the HIV mortality rate and the number of HIV deaths by age group, sex, and municipality in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico. Methods: We performed an ecological study using VR data ranging from 2000 to 2017, dependent on individual country data availability. We modeled HIV mortality using a Bayesian spatially explicit mixed-effects regression model that incorporates prior information on VR completeness. We calibrated our results to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Results: All countries displayed over a 40-fold difference in HIV mortality between municipalities with the highest and lowest age-standardized HIV mortality rate in the last year of study for men, and over a 20-fold difference for women. Despite decreases in national HIV mortality in all countries—apart from Ecuador—across the period of study, we found broad variation in relative changes in HIV mortality at the municipality level and increasing relative inequality over time in all countries. In all six countries included in this analysis, 50% or more HIV deaths were concentrated in fewer than 10% of municipalities in the latest year of study. In addition, national age patterns reflected shifts in mortality to older age groups—the median age group among decedents ranged from 30 to 45 years of age at the municipality level in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico in 2017. Conclusions: Our subnational estimates of HIV mortality revealed significant spatial variation and diverging local trends in HIV mortality over time and by age. This analysis provides a framework for incorporating data and uncertainty from incomplete VR systems and can help guide more geographically precise public health intervention to support HIV-related care and reduce HIV-related deaths.application/pdfengBMC medicine. Londres. Vol. 19, no. 1 (Jan.8 2021), 25p.Saúde públicaAIDSAmérica LatinaInfecções por HIV : MortalidadeHIV/AIDSLatin AmericaHIV mortalityVital registrationSmall area estimationMappingSpatial statisticsMapping subnational HIV mortality in six Latin American countries with incomplete vital registration systemsEstrangeiroinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRGSinstname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)instacron:UFRGSTEXT001125728.pdf.txt001125728.pdf.txtExtracted Texttext/plain120736http://www.lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/10183/221251/2/001125728.pdf.txtc07d3bb12bcf074139ac7369aa58fbe6MD52ORIGINAL001125728.pdfTexto completo (inglês)application/pdf4188163http://www.lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/10183/221251/1/001125728.pdf26dd20a2e5f0d5122b4290559ca829f0MD5110183/2212512021-05-26 04:28:20.688423oai:www.lume.ufrgs.br:10183/221251Repositório de PublicaçõesPUBhttps://lume.ufrgs.br/oai/requestopendoar:2021-05-26T07:28:20Repositório Institucional da UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)false |
dc.title.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Mapping subnational HIV mortality in six Latin American countries with incomplete vital registration systems |
title |
Mapping subnational HIV mortality in six Latin American countries with incomplete vital registration systems |
spellingShingle |
Mapping subnational HIV mortality in six Latin American countries with incomplete vital registration systems Cork, Michael A. Saúde pública AIDS América Latina Infecções por HIV : Mortalidade HIV/AIDS Latin America HIV mortality Vital registration Small area estimation Mapping Spatial statistics |
title_short |
Mapping subnational HIV mortality in six Latin American countries with incomplete vital registration systems |
title_full |
Mapping subnational HIV mortality in six Latin American countries with incomplete vital registration systems |
title_fullStr |
Mapping subnational HIV mortality in six Latin American countries with incomplete vital registration systems |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mapping subnational HIV mortality in six Latin American countries with incomplete vital registration systems |
title_sort |
Mapping subnational HIV mortality in six Latin American countries with incomplete vital registration systems |
author |
Cork, Michael A. |
author_facet |
Cork, Michael A. Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia de |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia de |
author2_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Cork, Michael A. Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia de |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Saúde pública AIDS América Latina Infecções por HIV : Mortalidade |
topic |
Saúde pública AIDS América Latina Infecções por HIV : Mortalidade HIV/AIDS Latin America HIV mortality Vital registration Small area estimation Mapping Spatial statistics |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
HIV/AIDS Latin America HIV mortality Vital registration Small area estimation Mapping Spatial statistics |
description |
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a public health priority in Latin America. While the burden of HIV is historically concentrated in urban areas and high-risk groups, subnational estimates that cover multiple countries and years are missing. This paucity is partially due to incomplete vital registration (VR) systems and statistical challenges related to estimating mortality rates in areas with low numbers of HIV deaths. In this analysis, we address this gap and provide novel estimates of the HIV mortality rate and the number of HIV deaths by age group, sex, and municipality in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico. Methods: We performed an ecological study using VR data ranging from 2000 to 2017, dependent on individual country data availability. We modeled HIV mortality using a Bayesian spatially explicit mixed-effects regression model that incorporates prior information on VR completeness. We calibrated our results to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Results: All countries displayed over a 40-fold difference in HIV mortality between municipalities with the highest and lowest age-standardized HIV mortality rate in the last year of study for men, and over a 20-fold difference for women. Despite decreases in national HIV mortality in all countries—apart from Ecuador—across the period of study, we found broad variation in relative changes in HIV mortality at the municipality level and increasing relative inequality over time in all countries. In all six countries included in this analysis, 50% or more HIV deaths were concentrated in fewer than 10% of municipalities in the latest year of study. In addition, national age patterns reflected shifts in mortality to older age groups—the median age group among decedents ranged from 30 to 45 years of age at the municipality level in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico in 2017. Conclusions: Our subnational estimates of HIV mortality revealed significant spatial variation and diverging local trends in HIV mortality over time and by age. This analysis provides a framework for incorporating data and uncertainty from incomplete VR systems and can help guide more geographically precise public health intervention to support HIV-related care and reduce HIV-related deaths. |
publishDate |
2021 |
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2021-05-19T04:30:26Z |
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2021 |
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001125728 |
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BMC medicine. Londres. Vol. 19, no. 1 (Jan.8 2021), 25p. |
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