Sistemas de cultivos de milho consorciado ou não com plantas de cobertura de solo: Aspectos produtivos, socioeconomicos e de qualidade
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2010 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5504 |
Resumo: | The availability of small areas for cultivation together with the technical and economic deficiencies often aggravated by socio-cultural aspects, creating the small farms, a scenario likely to farming practices with a high degree of unsustainability. From this contest was held this field study, between September 2008 and October 2009 an agrarian reform settlement aimed at examining different forms of soil management, its potential for improving soil quality and its implications for socioeconomic in small farms. The experimental design was randomized blocks with split plots with four replications. The treatments consisted of plots of crop systems: maize + cowpea (M + FC), maize + Pigeon pea dwarf (M + GA); corn + velvet bean (M + MP) and maize monocrop (MS). The sub-plots by the forms of fertilizer: organic source - turkey litter (AO); Without the addition of nutrients (SA) and mineral source - NPK (AM). We assessed aspects related to grain yield of corn, physical and chemical properties of soil in two layers (0-5 and 5-10 cm depth) and socioeconomic aspects of managements. Water stress led to a negative effect of M + FC on grain yield of maize, which in turn was not affected by M + MP, and were higher in treatments with AM (P <0.05). Cultures GA and MP had the highest intakes of nitrogen (N) via aboveground. The cropping systems showed positive results for bulk density and soil porosity. There was a tendency to decrease in aggregate stability for all systems studied, including the fallow treatment. There was no increase (P <0.05) of soil organic carbon (COT) of the systems studied, only attenuated the decrease of this natural element. Showed an increase (P> 0.05) compared to the initial content of N in the soil, and the consortium M + MP which showed the highest levels in both studied layers. The study also found decreased (P <0.05) in the attributes SMP pH, base saturation, exchangeable potassium content, reflecting the increase (P <0.05) in aluminum saturation. Another aspect observed was the increase (P <0.05) CTCpH7.em both layers. The systems studied showed net negative reflections of the high cost of some inputs and low yields obtained. The demand for labor by the managements of the systems has been affected by sowing cover crops for soil, and the management of these, either by restricting the growth of vegetation or the harvest of the seeds. Although it was short time for consistent evaluations, the results obtained by cropping systems indicate that there are gains in productive aspects, contribution of COT and N, especially in soil physical properties. This condition reflects the possibility of replacing the "conventional" system of cultivation of maize by the systems studied, with gains in sustainability, in many ways. |
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Sistemas de cultivos de milho consorciado ou não com plantas de cobertura de solo: Aspectos produtivos, socioeconomicos e de qualidadeFarming systems of corn associated or not with cover crops: Productive aspects, economic and soil qualityAtributos do soloConsórcios com milhoAdubação verde de verãoDemanda de mão de obraPequena propriedade familiarTransição agroecologicaAttributes of soilConsortia with cornGreen manure summerDemand for laborSmall family ownedTransition to agroecologyCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLOThe availability of small areas for cultivation together with the technical and economic deficiencies often aggravated by socio-cultural aspects, creating the small farms, a scenario likely to farming practices with a high degree of unsustainability. From this contest was held this field study, between September 2008 and October 2009 an agrarian reform settlement aimed at examining different forms of soil management, its potential for improving soil quality and its implications for socioeconomic in small farms. The experimental design was randomized blocks with split plots with four replications. The treatments consisted of plots of crop systems: maize + cowpea (M + FC), maize + Pigeon pea dwarf (M + GA); corn + velvet bean (M + MP) and maize monocrop (MS). The sub-plots by the forms of fertilizer: organic source - turkey litter (AO); Without the addition of nutrients (SA) and mineral source - NPK (AM). We assessed aspects related to grain yield of corn, physical and chemical properties of soil in two layers (0-5 and 5-10 cm depth) and socioeconomic aspects of managements. Water stress led to a negative effect of M + FC on grain yield of maize, which in turn was not affected by M + MP, and were higher in treatments with AM (P <0.05). Cultures GA and MP had the highest intakes of nitrogen (N) via aboveground. The cropping systems showed positive results for bulk density and soil porosity. There was a tendency to decrease in aggregate stability for all systems studied, including the fallow treatment. There was no increase (P <0.05) of soil organic carbon (COT) of the systems studied, only attenuated the decrease of this natural element. Showed an increase (P> 0.05) compared to the initial content of N in the soil, and the consortium M + MP which showed the highest levels in both studied layers. The study also found decreased (P <0.05) in the attributes SMP pH, base saturation, exchangeable potassium content, reflecting the increase (P <0.05) in aluminum saturation. Another aspect observed was the increase (P <0.05) CTCpH7.em both layers. The systems studied showed net negative reflections of the high cost of some inputs and low yields obtained. The demand for labor by the managements of the systems has been affected by sowing cover crops for soil, and the management of these, either by restricting the growth of vegetation or the harvest of the seeds. Although it was short time for consistent evaluations, the results obtained by cropping systems indicate that there are gains in productive aspects, contribution of COT and N, especially in soil physical properties. This condition reflects the possibility of replacing the "conventional" system of cultivation of maize by the systems studied, with gains in sustainability, in many ways.A disponibilidade de pequenas áreas para cultivo aliada as deficiências técnicas e econômicas, agravadas muitas vezes por aspectos sócio-culturais, cria nas pequenas propriedades, um cenário propenso a práticas agropecuárias com elevado grau de insustentabilidade. A partir deste contesto, foi realizado este estudo de campo, no período de setembro de 2008 e outubro de 2009, num assentamento de reforma agrária objetivando investigar diferentes formas de manejo de solo, seu potencial de melhoria na qualidade do solo e suas implicações sócio-econômicas em pequenas propriedades rurais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos nas parcelas pelos sistemas de cultivo: Milho + Feijão caupi (M + FC); Milho + Guandu anão (M + GA); Milho + Mucuna preta (M + MP) e Milho em cultivo solteiro (MS). Nas sub-parcelas pelas formas de adubação: Fonte orgânica cama de peru (AO); Sem adição de nutrientes (SA) e Fonte mineral NPK (AM). Foram avaliados aspectos relacionados ao rendimento de grãos da cultura do milho, atributos físicos e químicos do solo, em duas camadas (0-5 e 5-10 cm de profundidade) e aspectos socioeconômicos dos manejos. O estresse hídrico conduziu a um efeito negativo do M+ FC no rendimento de grãos de milho, que por sua vez não foi afetado por M + MP, e foram superiores nos tratamentos com AM (P<0,05). As culturas GA e MP apresentaram os maiores aportes de nitrogênio (N) via fitomassa aérea. Os sistemas de cultivos apresentaram resultados positivos em relação à densidade volumétrica do solo e porosidade. Observou-se a tendência a diminuição da estabilidade dos agregados para todos os sistemas estudados, inclusive no tratamento em pousio. Não houve incremento (P<0,05) de Carbono orgânico no solo (COT) dos sistemas estudados, apenas atenuaram a diminuição natural deste elemento. Observou-se incremento (P>0,05) em relação aos teores iniciais de N no solo, sendo o consórcio M + MP o que apresentou os maiores teores em ambas camadas estudadas. Também foi constatado diminuição (P<0,05) nos atributos pH SMP, saturação por bases, teor de potássio trocável, com reflexos no acréscimo (P<0,05) da saturação por alumínio. Outro aspecto observado foi o aumento (P<0,05) da CTCpH7.em ambas camadas. Os sistemas estudados apresentaram receita líquida negativa, reflexos do alto custo de alguns insumos e baixas produtividades obtidas. A demanda de mão de obra por parte dos manejos dos sistemas foi impactada pela semeadura das plantas de cobertura de solo, e pelo manejo dessas, seja pela contenção do crescimento vegetativo ou pela colheita das sementes. Embora tenha sido curto espaço de tempo para avaliações consistentes, os resultados obtidos pelos sistemas de cultivo indicam haver ganhos, em aspectos produtivos, aporte de COT e N, sobretudo, em atributos físicos do solo. Esta condição reflete na possibilidade de substituir o sistema convencional de cultivo do milho pelos sistemas estudados, com ganhos em sustentabilidade, sob vários aspectos.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBRAgronomiaUFSMPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do SoloLovato, Thoméhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2837098281000604Costabeber, José Antôniohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/6291514084507918Spagnollo, Evandrohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1216887562307008Dalla Chieza, Emerson2017-03-242017-03-242010-02-10info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfapplication/pdfCHIEZA, Emerson Dalla. Farming systems of corn associated or not with cover crops: Productive aspects, economic and soil quality. 2010. 121 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2010.http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5504porinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSM2022-01-12T13:50:32Zoai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/5504Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2022-01-12T13:50:32Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Sistemas de cultivos de milho consorciado ou não com plantas de cobertura de solo: Aspectos produtivos, socioeconomicos e de qualidade Farming systems of corn associated or not with cover crops: Productive aspects, economic and soil quality |
title |
Sistemas de cultivos de milho consorciado ou não com plantas de cobertura de solo: Aspectos produtivos, socioeconomicos e de qualidade |
spellingShingle |
Sistemas de cultivos de milho consorciado ou não com plantas de cobertura de solo: Aspectos produtivos, socioeconomicos e de qualidade Dalla Chieza, Emerson Atributos do solo Consórcios com milho Adubação verde de verão Demanda de mão de obra Pequena propriedade familiar Transição agroecologica Attributes of soil Consortia with corn Green manure summer Demand for labor Small family owned Transition to agroecology CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO |
title_short |
Sistemas de cultivos de milho consorciado ou não com plantas de cobertura de solo: Aspectos produtivos, socioeconomicos e de qualidade |
title_full |
Sistemas de cultivos de milho consorciado ou não com plantas de cobertura de solo: Aspectos produtivos, socioeconomicos e de qualidade |
title_fullStr |
Sistemas de cultivos de milho consorciado ou não com plantas de cobertura de solo: Aspectos produtivos, socioeconomicos e de qualidade |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sistemas de cultivos de milho consorciado ou não com plantas de cobertura de solo: Aspectos produtivos, socioeconomicos e de qualidade |
title_sort |
Sistemas de cultivos de milho consorciado ou não com plantas de cobertura de solo: Aspectos produtivos, socioeconomicos e de qualidade |
author |
Dalla Chieza, Emerson |
author_facet |
Dalla Chieza, Emerson |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Lovato, Thomé http://lattes.cnpq.br/2837098281000604 Costabeber, José Antônio http://lattes.cnpq.br/6291514084507918 Spagnollo, Evandro http://lattes.cnpq.br/1216887562307008 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Dalla Chieza, Emerson |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Atributos do solo Consórcios com milho Adubação verde de verão Demanda de mão de obra Pequena propriedade familiar Transição agroecologica Attributes of soil Consortia with corn Green manure summer Demand for labor Small family owned Transition to agroecology CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO |
topic |
Atributos do solo Consórcios com milho Adubação verde de verão Demanda de mão de obra Pequena propriedade familiar Transição agroecologica Attributes of soil Consortia with corn Green manure summer Demand for labor Small family owned Transition to agroecology CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO |
description |
The availability of small areas for cultivation together with the technical and economic deficiencies often aggravated by socio-cultural aspects, creating the small farms, a scenario likely to farming practices with a high degree of unsustainability. From this contest was held this field study, between September 2008 and October 2009 an agrarian reform settlement aimed at examining different forms of soil management, its potential for improving soil quality and its implications for socioeconomic in small farms. The experimental design was randomized blocks with split plots with four replications. The treatments consisted of plots of crop systems: maize + cowpea (M + FC), maize + Pigeon pea dwarf (M + GA); corn + velvet bean (M + MP) and maize monocrop (MS). The sub-plots by the forms of fertilizer: organic source - turkey litter (AO); Without the addition of nutrients (SA) and mineral source - NPK (AM). We assessed aspects related to grain yield of corn, physical and chemical properties of soil in two layers (0-5 and 5-10 cm depth) and socioeconomic aspects of managements. Water stress led to a negative effect of M + FC on grain yield of maize, which in turn was not affected by M + MP, and were higher in treatments with AM (P <0.05). Cultures GA and MP had the highest intakes of nitrogen (N) via aboveground. The cropping systems showed positive results for bulk density and soil porosity. There was a tendency to decrease in aggregate stability for all systems studied, including the fallow treatment. There was no increase (P <0.05) of soil organic carbon (COT) of the systems studied, only attenuated the decrease of this natural element. Showed an increase (P> 0.05) compared to the initial content of N in the soil, and the consortium M + MP which showed the highest levels in both studied layers. The study also found decreased (P <0.05) in the attributes SMP pH, base saturation, exchangeable potassium content, reflecting the increase (P <0.05) in aluminum saturation. Another aspect observed was the increase (P <0.05) CTCpH7.em both layers. The systems studied showed net negative reflections of the high cost of some inputs and low yields obtained. The demand for labor by the managements of the systems has been affected by sowing cover crops for soil, and the management of these, either by restricting the growth of vegetation or the harvest of the seeds. Although it was short time for consistent evaluations, the results obtained by cropping systems indicate that there are gains in productive aspects, contribution of COT and N, especially in soil physical properties. This condition reflects the possibility of replacing the "conventional" system of cultivation of maize by the systems studied, with gains in sustainability, in many ways. |
publishDate |
2010 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2010-02-10 2017-03-24 2017-03-24 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
CHIEZA, Emerson Dalla. Farming systems of corn associated or not with cover crops: Productive aspects, economic and soil quality. 2010. 121 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5504 |
identifier_str_mv |
CHIEZA, Emerson Dalla. Farming systems of corn associated or not with cover crops: Productive aspects, economic and soil quality. 2010. 121 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2010. |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5504 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria BR Agronomia UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria BR Agronomia UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
instacron_str |
UFSM |
institution |
UFSM |
reponame_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
collection |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
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1805922065864196096 |