Metodologias não convencionais na extração de compostos bioativos de casca de bergamota
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/20626 |
Resumo: | Citrus fruits, produced in large quantities in Rio Grande do Sul, have been highlighted by the high content of bioactive compounds they present. These components can be extracted from the residues generated in the processing of these fruits, allowing the use of these by-products, as well as the use of extracts for nutritional enrichment, protection and/or pigmentation in the food industry. Conventional extraction is based on heating and/or stirring the raw material with organic solvents. Unconventional extractions are considered promising and can reduce or eliminate the use of organic solvents and minimize compound degradation, time and energy expenditure. Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) have been highlighting in recent years. An alternative for reducing the use of organic solvents may be the use of electrolyzed water (EW). Therefore, the objective of this work was to extract bioactive compounds from bergamot peel using electrolyzed water as a solvent for ultrasonic extraction and co-solvent for supercritical fluid (CO2) extraction. First, the physicochemical and microbiological characterization, the determination of bioactive compounds (total phenolic and total flavonoids) and antioxidant activity (DPPH, superoxide radical, hydroxyl and FRAP) of the varieties Citrus deliciosa, Citrus reticulata and Citrus reticulata Blanco were compared using 80 % ethanol and the three types of EW, acidic (AEW), basic (BEW) and slightly acidic (SAEW), as extractor solutions were performed. Subsequently, the extraction methods with ultrasound, supercritical fluid and their combination were tested using electrolyzed water as solvent and as co-solvent (SFE), respectively. According to the results, the Citrus reticulata variety presented higher values of total phenolics (3681.31 mgGAE (100g) -1 ) and total flavonoids (571.56 mgEQ (100g) -1 ) compared to the other varieties. The three types of electrolyzed water presented higher extraction capacity of bioactive compounds than 80 % ethanol, the Citrus reticulata variety with BEW extracted 25 % more from total phenolics and 50 % from flavonoids, while AEW was 14 % higher antioxidant activity (FRAP). The UAE showed 87.5 % reduction in process time compared to conventional extraction. Among the responses of ultrasonic extractions combined with electrolyzed water, the highest extraction of phenolics (4324.32 mgGAE (100) -1 ) and FRAP (663.69 µmolTEAC (100g) -1 ) was using UAE+SAEW, while for flavonoids (691, 76 mgEQ (100g) -1 ) was UAE+AEW. At SFE-CO2 the BEW was the best co-solvent for all analyzes. The results of combined extraction, ultrasound and supercritical CO2 showed no significant difference compared to supercritical CO2 extraction only. For phenolics, the best result (5344.59 mgGAE (100g) -1 ) was obtained at 40 °C, extract: co-solvent ratio 1:40 (w/v) and 10 MPa pressure for flavonoids (1271.53 mgEQ (100g) ) was at 80 °C 1:20 (w/v) and 10 MPa and for FRAP (854.85 µmolTEAC (100g) -1 ) it was at 80 ° C 1:40 (w/v) and 10 MPa. Unconventional extractions were efficient in reducing the time and elimination of organic solvents in the extraction of bergamot peel bioactive compounds. Extraction with supercritical fluid (CO2) using basic electrolyzed water as co- solvent is the best method of extracting bioactive compounds from Citrus reticulata. |
id |
UFSM_0a8dd53b737ddf379fea4fc85597340f |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/20626 |
network_acronym_str |
UFSM |
network_name_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
repository_id_str |
|
spelling |
Metodologias não convencionais na extração de compostos bioativos de casca de bergamotaUnconventional methodologies in extraction ofbioactive compounds from bergamot peelCitrusFenólicos totaisFlavonoides totaisAtividade antioxidanteUltrassomFluido supercríticoÁgua eletrolisadaTotal phenolicsTotal flavonoidsAntioxidant activityUltrasoundSupercritical fluidElectrolyzed waterCNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICACitrus fruits, produced in large quantities in Rio Grande do Sul, have been highlighted by the high content of bioactive compounds they present. These components can be extracted from the residues generated in the processing of these fruits, allowing the use of these by-products, as well as the use of extracts for nutritional enrichment, protection and/or pigmentation in the food industry. Conventional extraction is based on heating and/or stirring the raw material with organic solvents. Unconventional extractions are considered promising and can reduce or eliminate the use of organic solvents and minimize compound degradation, time and energy expenditure. Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) have been highlighting in recent years. An alternative for reducing the use of organic solvents may be the use of electrolyzed water (EW). Therefore, the objective of this work was to extract bioactive compounds from bergamot peel using electrolyzed water as a solvent for ultrasonic extraction and co-solvent for supercritical fluid (CO2) extraction. First, the physicochemical and microbiological characterization, the determination of bioactive compounds (total phenolic and total flavonoids) and antioxidant activity (DPPH, superoxide radical, hydroxyl and FRAP) of the varieties Citrus deliciosa, Citrus reticulata and Citrus reticulata Blanco were compared using 80 % ethanol and the three types of EW, acidic (AEW), basic (BEW) and slightly acidic (SAEW), as extractor solutions were performed. Subsequently, the extraction methods with ultrasound, supercritical fluid and their combination were tested using electrolyzed water as solvent and as co-solvent (SFE), respectively. According to the results, the Citrus reticulata variety presented higher values of total phenolics (3681.31 mgGAE (100g) -1 ) and total flavonoids (571.56 mgEQ (100g) -1 ) compared to the other varieties. The three types of electrolyzed water presented higher extraction capacity of bioactive compounds than 80 % ethanol, the Citrus reticulata variety with BEW extracted 25 % more from total phenolics and 50 % from flavonoids, while AEW was 14 % higher antioxidant activity (FRAP). The UAE showed 87.5 % reduction in process time compared to conventional extraction. Among the responses of ultrasonic extractions combined with electrolyzed water, the highest extraction of phenolics (4324.32 mgGAE (100) -1 ) and FRAP (663.69 µmolTEAC (100g) -1 ) was using UAE+SAEW, while for flavonoids (691, 76 mgEQ (100g) -1 ) was UAE+AEW. At SFE-CO2 the BEW was the best co-solvent for all analyzes. The results of combined extraction, ultrasound and supercritical CO2 showed no significant difference compared to supercritical CO2 extraction only. For phenolics, the best result (5344.59 mgGAE (100g) -1 ) was obtained at 40 °C, extract: co-solvent ratio 1:40 (w/v) and 10 MPa pressure for flavonoids (1271.53 mgEQ (100g) ) was at 80 °C 1:20 (w/v) and 10 MPa and for FRAP (854.85 µmolTEAC (100g) -1 ) it was at 80 ° C 1:40 (w/v) and 10 MPa. Unconventional extractions were efficient in reducing the time and elimination of organic solvents in the extraction of bergamot peel bioactive compounds. Extraction with supercritical fluid (CO2) using basic electrolyzed water as co- solvent is the best method of extracting bioactive compounds from Citrus reticulata.As frutas citrus, produzidas em grandes quantidades no Rio Grande do Sul, vem recebendo destaque pelo alto teor de compostos bioativos que apresentam. Estes componentes podem ser extraídos a partir dos resíduos gerados no processamento destas frutas, possibilitando a utilização destes subprodutos, bem como a utilização dos extratos para enriquecimento nutricional, proteção e/ou pigmentação na indústria alimentícia. A extração convencional baseia-se no aquecimento e/ou agitação da matéria-prima com solventes orgânicos. As extrações não convencionais são consideradas promissoras, podendo reduzir ou eliminar o uso de solventes orgânicos e minimizar a degradação dos compostos, o tempo e o gasto de energia. A extração assistida por ultrassom (EAU) e a extração com fluido supercrítico (EFS), vêm se destacando nos últimos anos. Uma alternativa para a redução no uso de solventes orgânicos pode ser a utilização da água eletrolisada (AE). Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi extrair compostos bioativos de casca de bergamota usando água eletrolisada como solvente na extração ultrassônica e co- solvente na extração com fluido supercrítico (CO2). Primeiramente, foram realizadas as caracterizações físico-química e microbiológica, a determinação de compostos bioativos (fenólicos e flavonoides totais) e atividade antioxidante (DPPH, radical superóxido, hidroxil e FRAP) das variedades Citrus deliciosa, Citrus reticulata e Citrus reticulata Blanco e a comparação da extração convencional com etanol 80% e empregando os três tipos de AE, ácida (AEA), básica (AEB) e levemente ácida (AELA), como soluções extratoras. Após, foram testados os métodos de extração com ultrassom, fluido supercrítico e a combinação dos dois, usando água eltrolisada como solvente e como co-solvente (EFS), respectivamente. Conforme os resultados, a variedade Citrus reticulata apresentou maiores valores de fenólicos totais (3681,31 mgGAE (100g) -1 ) e flavonoides totais (571,56 mgEQ (100g) -1 ) em relação as demais variedades. Os três tipos de água eletrolisada apresentaram maior capacidade de extração de compostos bioativos do que o etanol 80 %, a variedade Citrus reticulata com AEB extraiu 25 % a mais de fenólicos totais e 50 % de flavonoides, já a AEA foi superior em 14 % na atividade antioxidante (FRAP). A EAU apresentou 87,5 % de redução no tempo do processo em relação a extração convencional. Dentre as respostas das extrações ultrassonicas combinadas com água eletrolisada, a maior extração de fenólicos (4324,32 mgGAE (100g) -1 ) e FRAP (663,69 µmolTEAC (100g) -1 ) foi utilizando EAU+AELA, enquanto que para flavonoides (691,76 mgEQ (100g) -1 ) foi EAU+AEA. Na EFS-CO2 a AEB foi o melhor co-solvente para todas as análises. Os resultados da extração combinada, ultrassom e CO2 supercrítico, não apresentaram diferença significativa a extração somente com CO2 supercrítico. Para fenólicos, o melhor resultado (5344,59 mgGAE (100g) -1 ) foi obtido em 40 °C, razão extrato:co-solvente 1:40 (p/v) e pressão de 10 MPa, para flavonoides (1271,53 mgEQ (100g) -1 ) foi em 80°C, 1:20 (p/v) e 10 MPa e para FRAP (854,85 µmolTEAC (100g) -1 ) foi a 80°C, 1:40 (p/v) e 10 MPa. As extrações não convencionais foram eficientes na redução do tempo e eliminação de solventes orgânicos na extração de compostos bioativos de casca de bergamota. Sendo a extração com fluido supercrítico (CO2) usando água eletrolisada básica como co-solvente o melhor método de extração de compostos bioativos de Citrus reticulata.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrasilEngenharia QuímicaUFSMPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia QuímicaCentro de TecnologiaKuhn, Raquel Cristinehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1479407050883691Terra, Lisiane de MarsillacXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXZabot, Giovani LeoniXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXKuhn, Kátia ReginaXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXJahn, Sergio LuizXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXBertagnolli, Silvana Maria MichelinXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXSoquetta, Marcela Bromberger2021-04-19T18:16:49Z2021-04-19T18:16:49Z2019-11-08info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/20626porAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSM2021-04-20T06:03:05Zoai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/20626Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2021-04-20T06:03:05Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Metodologias não convencionais na extração de compostos bioativos de casca de bergamota Unconventional methodologies in extraction ofbioactive compounds from bergamot peel |
title |
Metodologias não convencionais na extração de compostos bioativos de casca de bergamota |
spellingShingle |
Metodologias não convencionais na extração de compostos bioativos de casca de bergamota Soquetta, Marcela Bromberger Citrus Fenólicos totais Flavonoides totais Atividade antioxidante Ultrassom Fluido supercrítico Água eletrolisada Total phenolics Total flavonoids Antioxidant activity Ultrasound Supercritical fluid Electrolyzed water CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA |
title_short |
Metodologias não convencionais na extração de compostos bioativos de casca de bergamota |
title_full |
Metodologias não convencionais na extração de compostos bioativos de casca de bergamota |
title_fullStr |
Metodologias não convencionais na extração de compostos bioativos de casca de bergamota |
title_full_unstemmed |
Metodologias não convencionais na extração de compostos bioativos de casca de bergamota |
title_sort |
Metodologias não convencionais na extração de compostos bioativos de casca de bergamota |
author |
Soquetta, Marcela Bromberger |
author_facet |
Soquetta, Marcela Bromberger |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Kuhn, Raquel Cristine http://lattes.cnpq.br/1479407050883691 Terra, Lisiane de Marsillac XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Zabot, Giovani Leoni XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Kuhn, Kátia Regina XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Jahn, Sergio Luiz XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Bertagnolli, Silvana Maria Michelin XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Soquetta, Marcela Bromberger |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Citrus Fenólicos totais Flavonoides totais Atividade antioxidante Ultrassom Fluido supercrítico Água eletrolisada Total phenolics Total flavonoids Antioxidant activity Ultrasound Supercritical fluid Electrolyzed water CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA |
topic |
Citrus Fenólicos totais Flavonoides totais Atividade antioxidante Ultrassom Fluido supercrítico Água eletrolisada Total phenolics Total flavonoids Antioxidant activity Ultrasound Supercritical fluid Electrolyzed water CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA |
description |
Citrus fruits, produced in large quantities in Rio Grande do Sul, have been highlighted by the high content of bioactive compounds they present. These components can be extracted from the residues generated in the processing of these fruits, allowing the use of these by-products, as well as the use of extracts for nutritional enrichment, protection and/or pigmentation in the food industry. Conventional extraction is based on heating and/or stirring the raw material with organic solvents. Unconventional extractions are considered promising and can reduce or eliminate the use of organic solvents and minimize compound degradation, time and energy expenditure. Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) have been highlighting in recent years. An alternative for reducing the use of organic solvents may be the use of electrolyzed water (EW). Therefore, the objective of this work was to extract bioactive compounds from bergamot peel using electrolyzed water as a solvent for ultrasonic extraction and co-solvent for supercritical fluid (CO2) extraction. First, the physicochemical and microbiological characterization, the determination of bioactive compounds (total phenolic and total flavonoids) and antioxidant activity (DPPH, superoxide radical, hydroxyl and FRAP) of the varieties Citrus deliciosa, Citrus reticulata and Citrus reticulata Blanco were compared using 80 % ethanol and the three types of EW, acidic (AEW), basic (BEW) and slightly acidic (SAEW), as extractor solutions were performed. Subsequently, the extraction methods with ultrasound, supercritical fluid and their combination were tested using electrolyzed water as solvent and as co-solvent (SFE), respectively. According to the results, the Citrus reticulata variety presented higher values of total phenolics (3681.31 mgGAE (100g) -1 ) and total flavonoids (571.56 mgEQ (100g) -1 ) compared to the other varieties. The three types of electrolyzed water presented higher extraction capacity of bioactive compounds than 80 % ethanol, the Citrus reticulata variety with BEW extracted 25 % more from total phenolics and 50 % from flavonoids, while AEW was 14 % higher antioxidant activity (FRAP). The UAE showed 87.5 % reduction in process time compared to conventional extraction. Among the responses of ultrasonic extractions combined with electrolyzed water, the highest extraction of phenolics (4324.32 mgGAE (100) -1 ) and FRAP (663.69 µmolTEAC (100g) -1 ) was using UAE+SAEW, while for flavonoids (691, 76 mgEQ (100g) -1 ) was UAE+AEW. At SFE-CO2 the BEW was the best co-solvent for all analyzes. The results of combined extraction, ultrasound and supercritical CO2 showed no significant difference compared to supercritical CO2 extraction only. For phenolics, the best result (5344.59 mgGAE (100g) -1 ) was obtained at 40 °C, extract: co-solvent ratio 1:40 (w/v) and 10 MPa pressure for flavonoids (1271.53 mgEQ (100g) ) was at 80 °C 1:20 (w/v) and 10 MPa and for FRAP (854.85 µmolTEAC (100g) -1 ) it was at 80 ° C 1:40 (w/v) and 10 MPa. Unconventional extractions were efficient in reducing the time and elimination of organic solvents in the extraction of bergamot peel bioactive compounds. Extraction with supercritical fluid (CO2) using basic electrolyzed water as co- solvent is the best method of extracting bioactive compounds from Citrus reticulata. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-11-08 2021-04-19T18:16:49Z 2021-04-19T18:16:49Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/20626 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/20626 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Engenharia Química UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química Centro de Tecnologia |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Engenharia Química UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química Centro de Tecnologia |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
instacron_str |
UFSM |
institution |
UFSM |
reponame_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
collection |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
_version_ |
1805922050514092032 |