Fatores de risco cardiovasculares em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico e idade maior ou igual a 80 anos

• Autor(a) principal: Pieri, Alexandre [UNIFESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNIFESP
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9640
• topic: Muito idosos; Risco vascular; Acidente cerebrovascular; Fatores de risco; Doenças cardiovasculares/complicações; Fatores socioeconômicos; Estudos epidemiológicos; Aged, 80 and over; Risk; Stroke; Risk factors; Cardiovascular diseases/complications; Prevalência; Prevalence; Socioeconomic factors; Epidemiologic studies

Background and Purpose – Ischemic stroke is usually a catastrophic event, mostly in the elderly. Advanced age itself is a risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular involvement is the leading cause of ischemic stroke in this age population. Atrial fibrillation is also an important risk factor for ischemic stroke and therefore risk stratification schemes are important in these patients for indicating antithrombotic therapyand prevent stroke. Low socioeconomic status is also associated with a higher risk for ischemic stroke. Objectives - To evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with age 80 or older in a hospital population with ischemic stroke and the relationship between socioeconomic status and ischemic stroke in different age groups, using a new socioeconomic stratification model. Methods – Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke admitted to a tertiary health facility. For this population, we described the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and, for the patients who had the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, we applied CHADS2 score and CHA2DS2-VASc score. For assessment of the relationship beteween socioeconomic status and ischemic stroke, we evaluated the incidence of ischemic stroke in two hospitals that serve different socioeconomic populations in Sao Paulo, with a new geographic socioeconomic segmentation tool. The patients were stratified by socioeconomic status and age (30 to 64 years, 65 to 79 years and 80 years or older). We also compared the number of ischemic stroke patients with patients from control groups from the same hospitals, to obtain the ischemic stroke rates in both hospitals. The odds ratio between ischemic stroke rates in the hospitals was calculated. Results .There was a female preponderance (p<0.01) in 215 patients admitted for ischemic stroke. Considering patients over eighty, 72% had hypertension and atrial fibrillation was more common among the oldest old (p<0.01). Among those patients who had ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation, no patient had CHADS2 score of 0 and 25.5% had score of 1. All patients with CHADS2 score of 1 were not under anticoagulation, but in retrospect, had CHA2DS2-VASc score . 2, i.e., with indication for oral anticoagulation. Three hundred and seventy-seven patients with ischemic stroke and 2,297 patients of control group were analyzed in both hospitals. There was a greater proportion of older patients in the higher socioeconomic status population (χ2obs= 28.7, df= 2, p-value < 0.0001). In all ages, the odds of ischemic stroke was significantly higher in patients with lower socioeconomic status than in those with higher status, with χ2obs=21.3 (p-value< 0.0001) for age 30 to 64 years; χ2obs=39.8 (p-value< 0.0001) for age 65 to 79 years; and χ2obs=14.1 (p-value= 0.0002) for ≥ 80 years patients. The odds ratios between ischemic stroke odds in both hospitals were 2.4, 3.6 and 2.7 for groups of ages 30 to 64 years, 65 to 79 years and 80 years or older, respectively. Conclusions – Hypertension and atrial fibrillation are prevalent risk factors and should be treated aggressively in the elderly. Risk stratification using CHA2DS2-VASc score would have optimized indication for oral anticoagulation in our patients. Our study showed that, in São Paulo, lower socioeconomic status is associated with a higher odds of ischemic stroke, independent of age.