Hidrociclonagem aplicada ao processamento físico de concentrado fosfático contendo minérios de terras raras
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFU |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/24740 http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.1508 |
Resumo: | Rare earth elements (REEs) have high market value, great applicability and, on the other hand, have low recycling rates and are difficult to replace in their applications. They are produced by a small number of countries and their supply becomes subject to oscillations based on political or strategic issues. In 2017, Brazil was the world's second largest reserve of rare earth elements, losing only to China, which has an estimated reserve of 44 million tons and was responsible for the production of 80.76% of the RREs consumed worldwide. Most Brazilian reserves of rare earth oxides are associated with phosphates, one of the raw materials in the fertilizer industry. Currently, apatite, fluorides, silica, limestone, titanium and gypsum are plowed from such reserves and the minerals containing rare earth oxides (REOs) are lost in the tailings or applied to the soil with fertilizers, because of the difficulty of separating such ores and economic viability. Thus, the granulochemical characterization of the phosphate concentrate from a fertilizer-producing company, whose ore was drained in Catalão (GO), was initially performed. Subsequently the physical concentration was achieved by means of modular mini-hydrocyclones with a characteristic diameter of 30 mm. It was studied how the geometric and operational parameters of the equipment influence the separation of the fraction smaller than 25 μm by overflow. Empirical correlations for capacity, liquid ratio and efficiency in function of cone angle, length of cylindrical region, underflow diameter, pressure and volumetric feed concentration were obtained. It could be observed that the efficiencies oscillated around the separation limit of the equipment, of approximately 96%, including operating with the solids concentration equal to 5% by volume. A significant drop in efficiency occurred at concentrations close to 9%, when the hydrocyclone started to operate in dense regime. In relation to the concentration of REOs in the overflow it was observed that the influence of the density and shape of the existing minerals in the sample, the collection of fractions larger than 25 μm and the existence of circulatory flows, was observed. However, a concentration of REOs, at least 79 % higher than that of feed, was obtained. |
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Hidrociclonagem aplicada ao processamento físico de concentrado fosfático contendo minérios de terras rarasHydrocyclone applied to the physical processing of phosphate concentrate containing rare earth oresHidrocicloneEngenharia QuímicaEficiência de separaçãoPlanejamento de experimentosMonazitaApatitaTerras rarasSeparação tecnologiaHydrocycloneSeparation efficiencyExperiment designMonaziteApatiteCNPQ::ENGENHARIASRare earth elements (REEs) have high market value, great applicability and, on the other hand, have low recycling rates and are difficult to replace in their applications. They are produced by a small number of countries and their supply becomes subject to oscillations based on political or strategic issues. In 2017, Brazil was the world's second largest reserve of rare earth elements, losing only to China, which has an estimated reserve of 44 million tons and was responsible for the production of 80.76% of the RREs consumed worldwide. Most Brazilian reserves of rare earth oxides are associated with phosphates, one of the raw materials in the fertilizer industry. Currently, apatite, fluorides, silica, limestone, titanium and gypsum are plowed from such reserves and the minerals containing rare earth oxides (REOs) are lost in the tailings or applied to the soil with fertilizers, because of the difficulty of separating such ores and economic viability. Thus, the granulochemical characterization of the phosphate concentrate from a fertilizer-producing company, whose ore was drained in Catalão (GO), was initially performed. Subsequently the physical concentration was achieved by means of modular mini-hydrocyclones with a characteristic diameter of 30 mm. It was studied how the geometric and operational parameters of the equipment influence the separation of the fraction smaller than 25 μm by overflow. Empirical correlations for capacity, liquid ratio and efficiency in function of cone angle, length of cylindrical region, underflow diameter, pressure and volumetric feed concentration were obtained. It could be observed that the efficiencies oscillated around the separation limit of the equipment, of approximately 96%, including operating with the solids concentration equal to 5% by volume. A significant drop in efficiency occurred at concentrations close to 9%, when the hydrocyclone started to operate in dense regime. In relation to the concentration of REOs in the overflow it was observed that the influence of the density and shape of the existing minerals in the sample, the collection of fractions larger than 25 μm and the existence of circulatory flows, was observed. However, a concentration of REOs, at least 79 % higher than that of feed, was obtained.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorDissertação (Mestrado)Os elementos terras raras (ETRs) possuem elevado valor de mercado, grande aplicabilidade e em contrapartida, apresentam baixas taxas de reciclagem e são dificilmente substituídos em suas aplicações. São produzidos por um número reduzido de países e seu fornecimento torna-se sujeito a oscilações baseadas em questões políticas ou estratégicas. O Brasil ocupava em 2017 a posição de segunda maior reserva mundial de elementos terras raras, perdendo apenas para a China, detentora de uma reserva estimada em 44 milhões de toneladas e responsável pela produção de 80,76% dos ETRs consumidos mundialmente. Grande parte das reservas brasileiras de minérios contendo óxidos de terras raras encontram-se associadas aos fosfatos, uma das matériasprimas da indústria de fertilizantes. Atualmente, apatita, fluoretos, sílica, calcários, titânio e gesso são lavrados de tais reservas e os minerais contendo óxidos de terras raras (OTRs) são perdidos nos rejeitos ou aplicados no solo junto aos fertilizantes, em consequência da dificuldade de separação de tais minérios e da viabilidade econômica. Sendo assim, fez-se, inicialmente, a caracterização granuloquímica do concentrado fosfático proveniente de uma empresa produtora de fertilizantes, cujo minério fora lavrado em Catalão (GO). Posteriormente procedeu-se a concentração física por meio de mini-hidrociclones modulares de 30 mm de diâmetro característico. Estudou-se como os parâmetros geométricos e operacionais do equipamento influenciam na separação da fração menor que 25 µm pelo overflow. Correlações empíricas para capacidade, razão de líquido e eficiência em função do ângulo de cone, comprimento da região cilíndrica, diâmetro de underflow, pressão e concentração volumétrica de alimentação foram obtidas. Pôde-se observar que as eficiências oscilaram em torno do limite de separação do equipamento, de aproximadamente 96%, inclusive operando-se com a concentração de sólidos igual a 5% em volume. Uma queda significativa da eficiência ocorreu em concentrações próximas a 9%, quando o hidrociclone passou a operar em regime denso. Em relação a concentração de OTRs no overflow notou-se que ocorre a influência da densidade e formato dos minérios existentes na amostra, da coleta de frações maiores que 25 µm e da existência de fluxos circulatórios. Contudo, uma concentração de OTRs, no mínimo 79 % superior à da alimentação, foi obtida.Universidade Federal de UberlândiaBrasilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Engenharia QuímicaAtaíde, Carlos HenriqueRibeiro, Gustavo PaivaKyriakidis, Yanne NovaisBicalho, Isabele CristinaSilva, Jéssica Terra Teodoro da2019-03-29T17:37:46Z2019-03-29T17:37:46Z2019-02-25info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfSILVA, Jessica Terra Teodoro da. Hidrociclonagem aplicada ao processamento físico de concentrado fosfático contendo minérios de terras raras. 2019. 100 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Química) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 2019. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.1508.https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/24740http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.1508porinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFUinstname:Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU)instacron:UFU2019-03-30T06:08:48Zoai:repositorio.ufu.br:123456789/24740Repositório InstitucionalONGhttp://repositorio.ufu.br/oai/requestdiinf@dirbi.ufu.bropendoar:2019-03-30T06:08:48Repositório Institucional da UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Hidrociclonagem aplicada ao processamento físico de concentrado fosfático contendo minérios de terras raras Hydrocyclone applied to the physical processing of phosphate concentrate containing rare earth ores |
title |
Hidrociclonagem aplicada ao processamento físico de concentrado fosfático contendo minérios de terras raras |
spellingShingle |
Hidrociclonagem aplicada ao processamento físico de concentrado fosfático contendo minérios de terras raras Silva, Jéssica Terra Teodoro da Hidrociclone Engenharia Química Eficiência de separação Planejamento de experimentos Monazita Apatita Terras raras Separação tecnologia Hydrocyclone Separation efficiency Experiment design Monazite Apatite CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS |
title_short |
Hidrociclonagem aplicada ao processamento físico de concentrado fosfático contendo minérios de terras raras |
title_full |
Hidrociclonagem aplicada ao processamento físico de concentrado fosfático contendo minérios de terras raras |
title_fullStr |
Hidrociclonagem aplicada ao processamento físico de concentrado fosfático contendo minérios de terras raras |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hidrociclonagem aplicada ao processamento físico de concentrado fosfático contendo minérios de terras raras |
title_sort |
Hidrociclonagem aplicada ao processamento físico de concentrado fosfático contendo minérios de terras raras |
author |
Silva, Jéssica Terra Teodoro da |
author_facet |
Silva, Jéssica Terra Teodoro da |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Ataíde, Carlos Henrique Ribeiro, Gustavo Paiva Kyriakidis, Yanne Novais Bicalho, Isabele Cristina |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Silva, Jéssica Terra Teodoro da |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Hidrociclone Engenharia Química Eficiência de separação Planejamento de experimentos Monazita Apatita Terras raras Separação tecnologia Hydrocyclone Separation efficiency Experiment design Monazite Apatite CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS |
topic |
Hidrociclone Engenharia Química Eficiência de separação Planejamento de experimentos Monazita Apatita Terras raras Separação tecnologia Hydrocyclone Separation efficiency Experiment design Monazite Apatite CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS |
description |
Rare earth elements (REEs) have high market value, great applicability and, on the other hand, have low recycling rates and are difficult to replace in their applications. They are produced by a small number of countries and their supply becomes subject to oscillations based on political or strategic issues. In 2017, Brazil was the world's second largest reserve of rare earth elements, losing only to China, which has an estimated reserve of 44 million tons and was responsible for the production of 80.76% of the RREs consumed worldwide. Most Brazilian reserves of rare earth oxides are associated with phosphates, one of the raw materials in the fertilizer industry. Currently, apatite, fluorides, silica, limestone, titanium and gypsum are plowed from such reserves and the minerals containing rare earth oxides (REOs) are lost in the tailings or applied to the soil with fertilizers, because of the difficulty of separating such ores and economic viability. Thus, the granulochemical characterization of the phosphate concentrate from a fertilizer-producing company, whose ore was drained in Catalão (GO), was initially performed. Subsequently the physical concentration was achieved by means of modular mini-hydrocyclones with a characteristic diameter of 30 mm. It was studied how the geometric and operational parameters of the equipment influence the separation of the fraction smaller than 25 μm by overflow. Empirical correlations for capacity, liquid ratio and efficiency in function of cone angle, length of cylindrical region, underflow diameter, pressure and volumetric feed concentration were obtained. It could be observed that the efficiencies oscillated around the separation limit of the equipment, of approximately 96%, including operating with the solids concentration equal to 5% by volume. A significant drop in efficiency occurred at concentrations close to 9%, when the hydrocyclone started to operate in dense regime. In relation to the concentration of REOs in the overflow it was observed that the influence of the density and shape of the existing minerals in the sample, the collection of fractions larger than 25 μm and the existence of circulatory flows, was observed. However, a concentration of REOs, at least 79 % higher than that of feed, was obtained. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-03-29T17:37:46Z 2019-03-29T17:37:46Z 2019-02-25 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
SILVA, Jessica Terra Teodoro da. Hidrociclonagem aplicada ao processamento físico de concentrado fosfático contendo minérios de terras raras. 2019. 100 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Química) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 2019. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.1508. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/24740 http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.1508 |
identifier_str_mv |
SILVA, Jessica Terra Teodoro da. Hidrociclonagem aplicada ao processamento físico de concentrado fosfático contendo minérios de terras raras. 2019. 100 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Química) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 2019. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.1508. |
url |
https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/24740 http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.1508 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Brasil Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Química |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Brasil Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Química |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFU instname:Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) instacron:UFU |
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Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) |
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UFU |
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UFU |
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Repositório Institucional da UFU |
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Repositório Institucional da UFU |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
diinf@dirbi.ufu.br |
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1805569611593154560 |