Diversidade de fungos em solos de florestas plantadas de eucalipto

• Autor(a) principal: Chiquete, Adalberto Antônio Sukumula
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1550
• topic: Diversidade; Eucalipto; Micorrizas; rRDNA18S; Nested PCR; DGGE; Diversity; Eucalypt; Mycorrhizae; 18S rRDNA; Nested PCR; DGGE; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS

The changes in the environment and the consequent reduction on the diversity under intensive cultural practices have taken the people to develop plans of conservation and sustainable use of land and forests management. The objective of this work was to study fungal diversity in commercial plantations of eucalypt, with different ages and management, in the South of Angola, East of Minas Gerais State in Brazil and three regions of Portugal. Samples were collected from January to December 2009. The ectomycorrhizal fungi diversity (ECMF) in the East of Minas Gerais State was evaluated by morphological and molecular characterization, and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) occurrence was investigated by using spores. The total fungal diversity in the three counties was performed by molecular analysis of 18S rDNA of soil samples. All evaluated plants presented ectomycorrhizae, in all the times and areas in the East of Minas Gerais State. The highest colonization was settling in the oldest plants and in the second period time of sampling, suggesting the importance of ectomycorrhizal association in stress conditions, like in low temperature and water availability. At least nine different morphotypes of ectomycorrhizae were characterized. Basidiomes of Scleroderma and Pisolithus were found. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus, Acaulospora and Scutellosporawere observed under eucalypt plantations, and the first two species occurred in all evaluated soil. The morphological characterization of the spores associated to the molecular analysis of the 18S rDNA showed to have high similarities in the composition of the FMA community among soils of eucalypt plantations from Angola, Brazil and Portugal. The analysis of fungal composition using 18S rDNA showed considerable diversity in all three soils, and Brazilian’s presented greater index of species diversity. The results of this work show that it has great diversity of fungi in commercial plantations of eucalypt and the use of classic morphological and molecular techniques allows to better access and understanding the fungal diversity in forest environments.