Baccharis genistelloides subsp. crispa: caracterização, implantação de banco de germoplasma e resposta à adubação orgânica

• Autor(a) principal: Sousa, Leonardo Almeida
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1218
• topic: Carqueja silvestre; Variabilidade fenotípica; Conservação ex situ; Flavonóides; Óleo essencial; Produção comercial; Wild gorse; Phenotypic variabiliade; Ex situ conservation; Flavonoids; Essential oil; Commercial production; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA

Baccharis genistelloides subsp. crispa is a plant species of widespread medicinal use, primarily obtained from extractive way. The medicinal plants quality is associated to its content of active ingredients, which are subject to variation due to genetic, physiological, and ecological factors. Thus, studies evaluating the influence of these factors on the biosynthesis of biotivas substances by medicinal plants are of great relevance. This study aimed to search and characterize populations of Baccharis genistelloides subsp. crispa, carqueja (gorse), a plant present on the UFV campus (Federal University of Viçosa) and adjacent areas, establishing an active genebank, and to study the influence of different systems of organic fertilizer on yield and quality of stem wings (raw material for plant drug production) of carqueja plants. Initially, field expeditions to locate populations of wild plants were made. Then, five distinct environments with different ecological characteristics were selected to collect plant material, which was used for making exsiccates, phytochemical analysis (flavonoids), and vegetative propagation, aiming to produce seedlings for the establishment of active genebank. Then, two experiments were installed, one in a protected environment (greenhouse) and another on field, to evaluate the carqueja plant‟s response to different organic fertilizer systems, using organic compound, biomass of legumes (green manure), and organic compound syrup. The performance of the organically fertilized plants was compared to non-fertilized and chemically fertilized plants. There was a wide variation in the flavonoids levels in stem wings of wild plants collected in different environments. Plants collected in marsh area showed the highest flavonoids levels and plants collected in gully area showed the lowest levels. There was a positive linear correlation between the flavonoids content in stem wings and the soil organic matter content. Carqueja plants responded well to organic fertilizers, especially under conditions of low soil fertility and water availability. Carqueja plants responded better to organic fertilizers made with organic compound associated with the use of fresh biomass of legumes (green manure) or organic compound syrup than organic fertilizers made exclusively with organic compound. The cargueja plant‟s response to gliricidia biomass application (green manure) was better than the response to the organic compound syrup application. Under soil conditions of average fertility and low water availability, cargueja responded better to chemical fertilization. The different types of used organic fertilizers did not significantly influence the flavonoids levels and essential oil present in the plant stem wings. However, organic fertilizations, especially those ones made with organic compound associated with the use of biomass from legumes, provided significant increases in dry weight, which will result in higher yields of flavonoids and essential oil per cultivated area.