Gaseificador de biomassa no aquecimento de aviários e sua relação com conforto térmico, qualidade do ar e desempenho produtivo de frangos de corte

• Autor(a) principal: Zanatta, Fábio Luiz
• Data de Publicação: 2007
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3680
• topic: Gaseificador; Aquecimento de aviários; Energia da biomassa; Gasifier; Poultry hangar heating; Biomass energy; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA::CONSTRUCOES RURAIS E AMBIENCIA

Brazil is actually the third highest producer of the broiler chicken meat throughout the world. For 2007, it is foreseen it would show some 6.1% growth in the exports. To optimizing the productive performance in poultry sector, it is necessary to adapt the environment to poultry raising, by using techniques that satisfy the thermal and hygienic aspects of the raising environment, besides consuming less energy. Concerning to the hygienic aspect, the air quality and the level of gas emission by the animal production activity have been studied throughout the world, as a function of the problems related to the environment, global heating, animal well-being and the health of the people involved into the production process. So, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect from two different heating systems for poultry hangars. So, the conventional system with firewood furnace available in the aviary places where the experiment was set up (Furnace,) and a second one with a gasifier/biomass combustor (gasifier) were evaluated for the thermal comfort, air quality, and broiler chickens` productive performance in order to minimize the heating costs. The research was conducted in two commercial hangars at Barbacena county-MG, on June 2006. The Hybronline broiler chickens were used at the heating phase, as well as the same management in all facilities. The evaluation of the thermal comfort was based on the dry bulb temperature (TBS), air relative humidity (UR), the index of the black globe temperature and moisture (ITGU), and radiant thermal charge (CTR), which showed significant difference between the heating systems (P <0.05), as being higher in the treatment with gasifier. The air quality air was evaluated through the concentration (ppm) of the carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and ammonia (NH3). The measurements were accomplished every two hours at the first experimental week and every three hours at the second and third weeks, during all 24 hours of the day. The evaluation of the poultries´ productive performance were based on weight gains (GP), average weight (PM), ration consumption (CM), food conversion (CA) and mortality (M). The average values of CO, CO2 and NH3 rather significantly differed between the treatments (P <0.05), with higher averages of CO and CO2 for the gasifier, with levels close to those considered as critical ones. However, no differences concerning to the poultries´performance were observed between the treatments. The NH3 averages were higher for the furnace, as being the levels considerably below those values considered as critical ones in the facilities, according to the European Union. The firewood consumption in the gasifier was 26% lower than in furnace. Based on the previous observations, it can be supposed that the heating system with biomass gasifier reached the purpose in heating the environmental air in the poultry facility, since its results were better than the traditional firewood furnace in providing thermal comfort to those poultries at the first three weeks of life.