Resfriamento de fornos de carbonização por injeção de vapor d água

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Reis, Hamilton Oliveira
Data de Publicação: 2009
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3624
Resumo: Charcoal, even being produced and used since the dawn of civilization, still have insufficient knowledge of the different mechanisms of chemical kinetics and heat transfer and mass that occur during the carbonization. What is important to identify the most if not all, the parameters of the carbonization process in the dimensions of wood used in industrial production of charcoal is the way these parameters can interact along the process and quality of coal produced. Charcoal, even under controlled carbonization, there is a chemical compound set, some coals are almost pure carbon, others due to partial processes of carbonization, contains significant amounts of oxygen, hydrogen and organic compounds. An ideal system of coking plant should provide a suitable working condition, establishing strategies to minimize the cycle time of carbonization, without changing the yield and quality of coal produced. In this sense, few technologies have been developed to improve the process. Operating variables and even an oven constructive influence the final quality of the product generated, the temperature of the more important as an influence on the appearance, volume and losses during carbonization, reason why it should be precisely controlled. Through testing thermogravimetric known that the higher the speed of heating required to biomass, the lower the yield of charcoal. There is also that at high heating rates the mass of coal does not stabilize its self-consumption, even if it has reached the temperature of completion of the carbonization. This is because there is a temperature difference between the oven and the inner mass of coal, and such difference is a function of heating rate and the mechanisms of heat transfer and mass within the mass of coal. Thus, the use of steam helps the cooling process and aggregate income, for terminating the selfconsumption, in addition to promote the elimination of gas volatiles present. Thus, the water is a substance readily available and inexpensive chemically aggressive, it is a vehicle that modifies the internal atmosphere of the oven, shock, temperature variations and acts as a vector for transport of thermal energy, which explains its spread as a fire extinguisher. Thus, in the carbonization process, for cooling, using water vapor, to be successful, depends on the characteristics of steam and how and where it is applied, and the combination of binomial time x temperature, and speed of movement within the mass of the body. The velocity of steam flowing through the holes injection must be known to maximize cooling and smothering. Timing is important, because the faster the steam is loaded on coal, the less time available for a given volume of vapor to condense on the coal. Thus, the heat transfer from coal to steam increases because the vapor film formed on coal is the thickness, which favors the increase of internal temperature, making it difficult to condensation. Considering that charcoal represents 60% to 70% of the cost of production of pig iron, it is essential that investment in research and technology in the form of carbonization (Homma et alli, 2006). The adoption of solutions for increased productivity in the forms of carbonization implies significant changes in the system in place in the modus operandi adopted in Brazil, it becomes necessary to adopt concepts and modern agro-technologies and more efficient high initial investment but with gains environmental impacts. The overall objectives was: the optimization of the manufacturing process of coal, with the cooling of the mass of coal and coking furnace using water vapor as coolant; analysis of short-time occupation of the oven; analysis of performance in number of batches per year. The income produced, besides the reduction of production time and increasing the number of heats using the oven cooling (building envelope and mass of charcoal) with the use of water vapor on the dry mass of coal, the process to be viable and meaningful results.
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spelling Reis, Hamilton Oliveirahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0870113682726760Oliveira Filho, Dellyhttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783321Z9Carneiro, Angélica de Cássia Oliveirahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/9474032258378987Silva, Juarez de Souza ehttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783545Y9Martins, José Helvéciohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787754Z3Costa, José Márciohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4797905J5Lopes, Roberto Preccihttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4701453Z3Donzeles, Sergio Mauricio Lopeshttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787758D82015-03-26T13:23:46Z2013-11-262015-03-26T13:23:46Z2009-11-27REIS, Hamilton Oliveira. Cooling of carbonization ovens by water vapor injection. 2009. 127 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2009.http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3624Charcoal, even being produced and used since the dawn of civilization, still have insufficient knowledge of the different mechanisms of chemical kinetics and heat transfer and mass that occur during the carbonization. What is important to identify the most if not all, the parameters of the carbonization process in the dimensions of wood used in industrial production of charcoal is the way these parameters can interact along the process and quality of coal produced. Charcoal, even under controlled carbonization, there is a chemical compound set, some coals are almost pure carbon, others due to partial processes of carbonization, contains significant amounts of oxygen, hydrogen and organic compounds. An ideal system of coking plant should provide a suitable working condition, establishing strategies to minimize the cycle time of carbonization, without changing the yield and quality of coal produced. In this sense, few technologies have been developed to improve the process. Operating variables and even an oven constructive influence the final quality of the product generated, the temperature of the more important as an influence on the appearance, volume and losses during carbonization, reason why it should be precisely controlled. Through testing thermogravimetric known that the higher the speed of heating required to biomass, the lower the yield of charcoal. There is also that at high heating rates the mass of coal does not stabilize its self-consumption, even if it has reached the temperature of completion of the carbonization. This is because there is a temperature difference between the oven and the inner mass of coal, and such difference is a function of heating rate and the mechanisms of heat transfer and mass within the mass of coal. Thus, the use of steam helps the cooling process and aggregate income, for terminating the selfconsumption, in addition to promote the elimination of gas volatiles present. Thus, the water is a substance readily available and inexpensive chemically aggressive, it is a vehicle that modifies the internal atmosphere of the oven, shock, temperature variations and acts as a vector for transport of thermal energy, which explains its spread as a fire extinguisher. Thus, in the carbonization process, for cooling, using water vapor, to be successful, depends on the characteristics of steam and how and where it is applied, and the combination of binomial time x temperature, and speed of movement within the mass of the body. The velocity of steam flowing through the holes injection must be known to maximize cooling and smothering. Timing is important, because the faster the steam is loaded on coal, the less time available for a given volume of vapor to condense on the coal. Thus, the heat transfer from coal to steam increases because the vapor film formed on coal is the thickness, which favors the increase of internal temperature, making it difficult to condensation. Considering that charcoal represents 60% to 70% of the cost of production of pig iron, it is essential that investment in research and technology in the form of carbonization (Homma et alli, 2006). The adoption of solutions for increased productivity in the forms of carbonization implies significant changes in the system in place in the modus operandi adopted in Brazil, it becomes necessary to adopt concepts and modern agro-technologies and more efficient high initial investment but with gains environmental impacts. The overall objectives was: the optimization of the manufacturing process of coal, with the cooling of the mass of coal and coking furnace using water vapor as coolant; analysis of short-time occupation of the oven; analysis of performance in number of batches per year. The income produced, besides the reduction of production time and increasing the number of heats using the oven cooling (building envelope and mass of charcoal) with the use of water vapor on the dry mass of coal, the process to be viable and meaningful results.O carvão vegetal, mesmo sendo produzido e utilizado desde os primórdios da civilização, ainda mantêm insuficiente o conhecimento dos diversos mecanismos da cinética química e da transferência de calor e massa que acontecem durante a carbonização. O que torna importante a identificação da maioria, senão de todos, os parâmetros do processo de carbonização de madeira nas dimensões utilizadas na produção industrial de carvão vegetal é a forma como esses parâmetros podem interagir no transcorrer do processo e na qualidade do carvão produzido. O carvão vegetal, mesmo sob carbonização controlada, não é um composto químico definido, alguns carvões são quase carbono puro, outros devido a processos parciais de carbonização, contem quantidades significativas de oxigênio, hidrogênio e compostos orgânicos. Um sistema ideal de carbonização vegetal deve proporcionar uma adequada condição de trabalho, estabelecendo estratégias para minimizar a duração do ciclo da carbonização, sem alterar o rendimento e a qualidade do carvão produzido. Neste sentido, poucas tecnologias foram desenvolvidas visando melhorar o processo. Variáveis operacionais e mesmo construtivas de um forno, influenciam a qualidade final do produto gerado, sendo a temperatura uma das mais importantes, pois tem influência no aspecto, volume e perdas durante a carbonização, razão por que deve ser precisamente controlada. Através de ensaios termogravimétricos sabe-se que quanto maior a velocidade do aquecimento imposta à biomassa, menor o rendimento em carvão vegetal. Constata-se, também, que sob altas taxas de aquecimento a massa de carvão não estabiliza o seu auto-consumo, mesmo que se tenha atingido a temperatura de encerramento da carbonização. Isto ocorre por que há uma diferença de temperaturas entre o forno e o interior da massa de carvão, diferença esta que é função da taxa de aquecimento e dos mecanismos de transferência de calor e massa no interior da massa de carvão. Assim, a utilização do vapor favorece o processo de resfriamento e agrega rendimento, pois encerra o auto-consumo, alem de favorecer a eliminação de gases de materiais voláteis presentes. Assim sendo, a água por ser uma substância facilmente disponível e pouco agressiva quimicamente, torna-se um veículo que modifica a atmosfera interna do forno, amortece as variações de temperatura e atua como um vetor de transporte da energia térmica, fato que explica a sua disseminação como elemento extintor de incêndios. Assim, no processo de carbonização, para que o resfriamento, utilizando vapor d água, seja bem sucedido, depende das características do vapor e de como e onde ele é aplicado, além da combinação do binômio tempo x temperatura, e sua velocidade de circulação no interior da massa do corpo quente ou em incandescência. A velocidade do vapor que flui através dos orifícios de injeção deve ser conhecida para se maximizar os efeitos resfriamento e abafamento. O tempo é importante, pois quanto mais rápido for carregado o vapor sobre o carvão, menor é o tempo disponível para que um dado volume desse vapor condense-se sobre o carvão. Assim, a transferência de calor do carvão para o vapor aumenta, pois o filme de vapor formado sobre o carvão tem pouca espessura, o que favorece o aumento de sua temperatura interna, dificultando a sua condensação. Considerando que o carvão vegetal representa de 60% a 70% do custo da produção do ferro-gusa, torna-se imprescindível a aplicação de investimentos em pesquisas e em tecnologias na forma de carbonização (HOMMA et alli, 2006). A adoção de soluções de maior produtividade nas formas de carbonização implica em alterações significativas na sistemática vigente no modus operandi adotado no Brasil, pois torna-se necessário a adoção de conceitos e tecnologias agroindustriais modernas e mais eficientes de altos investimentos iniciais mas com ganhos ambientais significativos. Os objetivos gerais foram: a otimização do processo de fabricação de carvão, com o resfriamento da massa de carvão e do forno de carbonização utilizando-se vapor d´água como agente refrigerante; analise de redução do tempo de ocupação do forno; análise de rendimento em número de fornadas/ano. Pelos rendimentos apresentados, alem da redução do tempo de produção e no aumento no numero de fornadas utilizando-se resfriamento do forno (envelope construtivo e massa de carvão vegetal) com a aplicação do vapor d água na base da massa de carvão, o processo se mostrou viável e com resultados significativos.application/pdfporUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMestrado em Engenharia AgrícolaUFVBRConstruções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produResfriamentoCarvão vegetalCoolingWater vaporCharcoalCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLAResfriamento de fornos de carbonização por injeção de vapor d águaCooling of carbonization ovens by water vapor injectioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFVinstname:Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)instacron:UFVORIGINALtexto completo.pdfapplication/pdf2017659https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/3624/1/texto%20completo.pdf0456040e0ff1055597e4b0948b61631fMD51TEXTtexto completo.pdf.txttexto completo.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain234391https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/3624/2/texto%20completo.pdf.txt6d9331c6e16a219c73207e7eae49724dMD52THUMBNAILtexto completo.pdf.jpgtexto completo.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg3630https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/3624/3/texto%20completo.pdf.jpg705b801798aaa8537a77bfd070da4fb6MD53123456789/36242016-04-09 23:10:29.208oai:locus.ufv.br:123456789/3624Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.locus.ufv.br/oai/requestfabiojreis@ufv.bropendoar:21452016-04-10T02:10:29LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV - Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)false
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv Resfriamento de fornos de carbonização por injeção de vapor d água
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv Cooling of carbonization ovens by water vapor injection
title Resfriamento de fornos de carbonização por injeção de vapor d água
spellingShingle Resfriamento de fornos de carbonização por injeção de vapor d água
Reis, Hamilton Oliveira
Resfriamento
Carvão vegetal
Cooling
Water vapor
Charcoal
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA
title_short Resfriamento de fornos de carbonização por injeção de vapor d água
title_full Resfriamento de fornos de carbonização por injeção de vapor d água
title_fullStr Resfriamento de fornos de carbonização por injeção de vapor d água
title_full_unstemmed Resfriamento de fornos de carbonização por injeção de vapor d água
title_sort Resfriamento de fornos de carbonização por injeção de vapor d água
author Reis, Hamilton Oliveira
author_facet Reis, Hamilton Oliveira
author_role author
dc.contributor.authorLattes.por.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/0870113682726760
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Reis, Hamilton Oliveira
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv Oliveira Filho, Delly
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783321Z9
dc.contributor.advisor-co2.fl_str_mv Carneiro, Angélica de Cássia Oliveira
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Lattes.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/9474032258378987
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv Silva, Juarez de Souza e
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783545Y9
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv Martins, José Helvécio
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787754Z3
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv Costa, José Márcio
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4797905J5
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv Lopes, Roberto Precci
dc.contributor.referee3Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4701453Z3
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv Donzeles, Sergio Mauricio Lopes
dc.contributor.referee4Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787758D8
contributor_str_mv Oliveira Filho, Delly
Carneiro, Angélica de Cássia Oliveira
Silva, Juarez de Souza e
Martins, José Helvécio
Costa, José Márcio
Lopes, Roberto Precci
Donzeles, Sergio Mauricio Lopes
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Resfriamento
Carvão vegetal
topic Resfriamento
Carvão vegetal
Cooling
Water vapor
Charcoal
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Cooling
Water vapor
Charcoal
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA
description Charcoal, even being produced and used since the dawn of civilization, still have insufficient knowledge of the different mechanisms of chemical kinetics and heat transfer and mass that occur during the carbonization. What is important to identify the most if not all, the parameters of the carbonization process in the dimensions of wood used in industrial production of charcoal is the way these parameters can interact along the process and quality of coal produced. Charcoal, even under controlled carbonization, there is a chemical compound set, some coals are almost pure carbon, others due to partial processes of carbonization, contains significant amounts of oxygen, hydrogen and organic compounds. An ideal system of coking plant should provide a suitable working condition, establishing strategies to minimize the cycle time of carbonization, without changing the yield and quality of coal produced. In this sense, few technologies have been developed to improve the process. Operating variables and even an oven constructive influence the final quality of the product generated, the temperature of the more important as an influence on the appearance, volume and losses during carbonization, reason why it should be precisely controlled. Through testing thermogravimetric known that the higher the speed of heating required to biomass, the lower the yield of charcoal. There is also that at high heating rates the mass of coal does not stabilize its self-consumption, even if it has reached the temperature of completion of the carbonization. This is because there is a temperature difference between the oven and the inner mass of coal, and such difference is a function of heating rate and the mechanisms of heat transfer and mass within the mass of coal. Thus, the use of steam helps the cooling process and aggregate income, for terminating the selfconsumption, in addition to promote the elimination of gas volatiles present. Thus, the water is a substance readily available and inexpensive chemically aggressive, it is a vehicle that modifies the internal atmosphere of the oven, shock, temperature variations and acts as a vector for transport of thermal energy, which explains its spread as a fire extinguisher. Thus, in the carbonization process, for cooling, using water vapor, to be successful, depends on the characteristics of steam and how and where it is applied, and the combination of binomial time x temperature, and speed of movement within the mass of the body. The velocity of steam flowing through the holes injection must be known to maximize cooling and smothering. Timing is important, because the faster the steam is loaded on coal, the less time available for a given volume of vapor to condense on the coal. Thus, the heat transfer from coal to steam increases because the vapor film formed on coal is the thickness, which favors the increase of internal temperature, making it difficult to condensation. Considering that charcoal represents 60% to 70% of the cost of production of pig iron, it is essential that investment in research and technology in the form of carbonization (Homma et alli, 2006). The adoption of solutions for increased productivity in the forms of carbonization implies significant changes in the system in place in the modus operandi adopted in Brazil, it becomes necessary to adopt concepts and modern agro-technologies and more efficient high initial investment but with gains environmental impacts. The overall objectives was: the optimization of the manufacturing process of coal, with the cooling of the mass of coal and coking furnace using water vapor as coolant; analysis of short-time occupation of the oven; analysis of performance in number of batches per year. The income produced, besides the reduction of production time and increasing the number of heats using the oven cooling (building envelope and mass of charcoal) with the use of water vapor on the dry mass of coal, the process to be viable and meaningful results.
publishDate 2009
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2009-11-27
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2013-11-26
2015-03-26T13:23:46Z
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2015-03-26T13:23:46Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
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dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv REIS, Hamilton Oliveira. Cooling of carbonization ovens by water vapor injection. 2009. 127 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2009.
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3624
identifier_str_mv REIS, Hamilton Oliveira. Cooling of carbonization ovens by water vapor injection. 2009. 127 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2009.
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