Sustentabilidade da produção madeireira e potencial para geração de energia em Manejo Florestal Comunitário, FLONA do Purus, Amazônia Ocidental.

• Autor(a) principal: Brandão, Pedro Christo
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/594
• topic: Manejo florestal comunitário; Energia da biomassa; Amazônia ocidental; Community forestry; Biomass energy; Western Amazon; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::MANEJO FLORESTAL

The present study was conducted at the Purus National Forest (FLONA Purus), a Conservation Unit of Sustainable Use comprising 256 thousand hectares of natural Amazon forest located in the municipality of Pauiní. The community Céu do Mapiá Village is the largest human settlement within the FLONA Purus and presents several social necessities, such as basic studies for the establishment of sustainable forestry techniques and also the village supply of electric energy. In order to contribute to the environmental and socioeconomic sustainability of this Conservation Unit and its population, the objectives of the present work were: the environmental and socioeconomical characterization of FLONA do Purus as well as of the aspects related to its management; to quantify and qualify the stock of wood necessary to fulfill the current need of Céu do Mapiá Village; to evaluate the electric energy generation potential at Céu do Mapiá, based on the use of vegetal residues of timber exploration. The characterization of the FLONA was based on the analysis of previous documents. The annual demand for wood and electric energy at Vila Céu do Mapiá were estimated through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires applied to local leaders and community members, as well as random samplimg of commercial, residential and community buildings. Based on the Normative Instruction no 05, of 2006, and in the CONAMA resolution no 406, of 2009, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Environment, a Forest Management Unit (FMU1) was planned in order to supply the estimated wood necessity. The planning of FMU1 consisted in its alocation, dimensioning and macrozonation (subdivision into Anual Porduction Units, Work Units and protected and restricted areas). The floristic compostion and the phytossociological and parametric structures of FMU1 were determined based on the forest inventory of 12 plots of 2.500 m2 (50 x 50 m). In each plot, all trees with diameter at breast heigh ≥ 10 cm were identified and measured. The potential for electric energy generation was evaluated based on the comparative analysis of the following technologies: Diesel thermoelectric plant (used as a reference because it will be installed at Céu do Mapiá Village by the Brazilian Government); Biomass gasification; and direct combustion of biomass. The results of the forest inventory show that FMU1 presents enough stock to guarantee the sustainable wood extraction in low intensity management for 43% of the commercial species used at Céu do Mapiá. We also verified that the use of residues of the local wood extraction has the potential of generating 1.035,87 MWh year-1 using the gasification system, which is enough to supply the community`s demand. The comparison of different energetic matrixes show that the cost of implementing gasification (R$1 976 631,89), is 1.5 times higher than for the Thermoelectric generation. However, the operational cost of the gasification, calculated in R$ 0.61 kWh-1, is approximately 48% lower than for the Thermoelectric, estimated in R$ 1,33 kWh-1. Therefore, two years of operation would represent a relative economy which covers the difference of the implementation cost. Besides guaranteeing the electric energy generation based on a renewable resource, the gasification system reduces the dependency for external resources, promotes more autonomy and participation of community in the management of the system, generates more jobs and income distribution, contributing for the local economic development.