Caracterização pedológica de arqueo-antropossolos no Brasil: sambaquis da Região dos Lagos (RJ) e terras pretas de índio na região do baixo rio Negro/Solimões (AM)

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Corrêa, Guilherme Resende
Data de Publicação: 2007
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5395
Resumo: This work surveyed some anthropogenic soils, the so-called Archaeo-Anthroposols. Those soils show advanced degree of pedogenesis, displaying tokens of their anthropic origin such as chemical and mineralogical characters and soil micromorphology. Some pottery shards are also constantly found in places where pottery making peoples dwelt, as well as shells and human skeletons, whose weathering increases soil pH, and other resistant material, such as stone made instruments and partially charred debris. These archaeologic soils were formed as a result of pre-historic human activity, and they shelter poorly studied cultural remains, so pedologic studies may help reconstruct the environment in which those cultures flourished and the soils began to form. The most widely studied Archaeo-Anthroposols in Brazil are found in the Amazon region, locally known as Indian Dark Earths (IDE), where they may occupy relatively large areas, up to several hectares wide, with thick altered soil mantles and higher chemical fertility than the surrounding non-anthropogenic soils. In coastal regions or in past hinterland riverine-marine systems human ancient human activity originated vast and generally high anthropic shell mounds, known as Sambaquis, which underwent intense pedogenesis and are chemically very rich, mainly in P, Ca, and Mg. The aim of this work was to increase the pedologic knowledge on Archaeo-Anthroposols by studying the anthropic and pedogenetic processes which originated some soil types by relating them to the environment supporting capacity, and comparing and classifying the soils through their physical, chemical and microchemical characterization. The maintenance for a long time span of high nutrient contents was observed in the IDE, which contrasts with the surrounding soils, whose nutrient levels are normally very low. This higher nutrient status in IDE soils is due to the presence of incompletely weathered nutrient sources such as biogenic apatite providing Ca and P; abundant pottery debris providing K and Na; copper, Mn, and Zn are held because of the formation of stable complexes with soil organic matter, which abounds in anthropic soil horizons. In floodplains IDE s, the concentrations of some chemical elements in non-anthropic soil horizons are equivalent to those in anthropic soil horizons, contrary to what is observed in upland IDE s, even without evidence of significant pedobioturbation and eluviation in the floodplains, which is an evidence of anthropic input of earth material from floodplains in the formation of upland IDE s. The main P and Ca sources in the Sambaqui Archaeo-Anthroposols are bone tissues, mollusk shelves and fish bones besides other more labile sources, no longer present in the soil, such as less dense and resistant (non-osseous) mollusk, fish and terrestrial animals tissues. This material is probably the cause of an initial increase in Ca and P levels, which inhibits the dissolution of more stable forms of bone apatite. In older horizons (more ancient human settlements), soil plasma is composed mainly by newly-formed calcium phosphate extremely fine fabric.
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spelling Corrêa, Guilherme Resendehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/6331488245672722Oliveira, Maria Cristina Tenório dehttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783506H4Fernandes Filho, Elpídio Ináciohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4703656Z4Schaefer, Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaudhttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4723204Y8Ker, João Carloshttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4763842Z5Lima, Hedinaldo Narcisohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4794101U02015-03-26T13:53:02Z2008-05-262015-03-26T13:53:02Z2007-08-13CORRÊA, Guilherme Resende. Pedological characterization of Brazilian archaeo-anthroposols: sambaquis from the lakes region (RJ) and indian dark earths from the low Negro/Solimões river region (AM). 2007. 126 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fertilidade do solo e nutrição de plantas; Gênese, Morfologia e Classificação, Mineralogia, Química,) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2007.http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5395This work surveyed some anthropogenic soils, the so-called Archaeo-Anthroposols. Those soils show advanced degree of pedogenesis, displaying tokens of their anthropic origin such as chemical and mineralogical characters and soil micromorphology. Some pottery shards are also constantly found in places where pottery making peoples dwelt, as well as shells and human skeletons, whose weathering increases soil pH, and other resistant material, such as stone made instruments and partially charred debris. These archaeologic soils were formed as a result of pre-historic human activity, and they shelter poorly studied cultural remains, so pedologic studies may help reconstruct the environment in which those cultures flourished and the soils began to form. The most widely studied Archaeo-Anthroposols in Brazil are found in the Amazon region, locally known as Indian Dark Earths (IDE), where they may occupy relatively large areas, up to several hectares wide, with thick altered soil mantles and higher chemical fertility than the surrounding non-anthropogenic soils. In coastal regions or in past hinterland riverine-marine systems human ancient human activity originated vast and generally high anthropic shell mounds, known as Sambaquis, which underwent intense pedogenesis and are chemically very rich, mainly in P, Ca, and Mg. The aim of this work was to increase the pedologic knowledge on Archaeo-Anthroposols by studying the anthropic and pedogenetic processes which originated some soil types by relating them to the environment supporting capacity, and comparing and classifying the soils through their physical, chemical and microchemical characterization. The maintenance for a long time span of high nutrient contents was observed in the IDE, which contrasts with the surrounding soils, whose nutrient levels are normally very low. This higher nutrient status in IDE soils is due to the presence of incompletely weathered nutrient sources such as biogenic apatite providing Ca and P; abundant pottery debris providing K and Na; copper, Mn, and Zn are held because of the formation of stable complexes with soil organic matter, which abounds in anthropic soil horizons. In floodplains IDE s, the concentrations of some chemical elements in non-anthropic soil horizons are equivalent to those in anthropic soil horizons, contrary to what is observed in upland IDE s, even without evidence of significant pedobioturbation and eluviation in the floodplains, which is an evidence of anthropic input of earth material from floodplains in the formation of upland IDE s. The main P and Ca sources in the Sambaqui Archaeo-Anthroposols are bone tissues, mollusk shelves and fish bones besides other more labile sources, no longer present in the soil, such as less dense and resistant (non-osseous) mollusk, fish and terrestrial animals tissues. This material is probably the cause of an initial increase in Ca and P levels, which inhibits the dissolution of more stable forms of bone apatite. In older horizons (more ancient human settlements), soil plasma is composed mainly by newly-formed calcium phosphate extremely fine fabric.Dentre os chamados solos antropogênicos, o presente estudo enfoca os Arqueo-antropossolos. Estes mostram grau de pedogênese bastante avançado, possuindo testemunhos de sua origem antrópica, na forma de atributos químicos, mineralógicos e feições micromorfológicas. Encontram-se, ainda, restos de cerâmicas (para os povos ceramistas), restos de conchas e esqueletos (onde o pH é mais elevado) e outros materiais de difícil degradação, como instrumentos da indústria lítica ou restos parcialmente carbonizados. Esses solos originaram se através de atividades antrópicas em períodos Pré-históricos, remontando testemunhos culturais ainda pouco conhecidos, nos quais os estudos pedológicos podem auxiliar na reconstituição de seu ambiente de formação. Os Arqueo-antropossolos mais expressivos do Brasil são encontrados principalmente na região amazônica, onde podem ocupar áreas de algumas dezenas de hectares, com espesso horizonte de solo alterado e elevada fertilidade em comparação aos solos do entorno, sendo conhecidos regionalmente como Terra Preta de Índio. Nas regiões costeiras ou em antigos sistemas fluvio-marinhos, ocorrem os Sambaquis, constituídos basicamente de grandes amontoados antrópicos de restos de conchas, submetidos a intensa pedogênese, sendo quimicamente muito ricos em P, Ca e Mg, principalmente. Com o intuito de desenvolver o conhecimento pedológico sobre os Arqueo-antropossolos, estudou-se os processos antrópicos e pedogenéticos que resultaram em alguns tipos de solos, relacionando-os à capacidade de suporte do meio, comparando-os e classificando-os através de sua caracterização física, química e microquímica. Foi verificado a manutenção de elevados valores de nutrientes por longos períodos nos solos de TPI, contrariando os padrões de fertilidade regionais esperados, devendo-se esses à existência de reservas em diferentes compartimentos ainda não totalmente degradados como: Ca e P presentes nas apatita biogênica, ainda encontradas no solo; K e Na presentes nos abundantes fragmentos de cerâmicas; Cu, Mn e Zn com boa estabilidade em associação a colóides orgânicos, abundantes em horizontes antrópicos. Nas TPI de várzea, muitos elementos de horizontes não antrópicos se sobrepõem aos antrópicos, ao contrário do que foi verificado nas TPI de terra firme, mesmo sem processo significativo de pedobioturbação e eluviação nas áreas de várzea, evidenciando a associação de materiais aportados da várzea na formação das TPI em área de terra firme.Os Arqueo- antrossolos de sambaquis apresentam como principais fontes de P e Ca tecido ósseo, carapaças de moluscos e espinhas de peixes, além de outras fontes mais prontamente disponíveis, não mais presentes no solo, como conteúdos menos densos e maciços (não ósseo) de moluscos, peixe e animais terrestres. Esses conteúdos, mais prontamente degradáveis, seriam os responsáveis pela elevação inicial dos valores de Ca e P, proporcionando um bloqueio à dissolução das formas de apatita de osso mais estáveis. Nos horizontes mais velhos (ocupações humanas mais remotas), o plasma do solo é composto principalmente por estrutura microgranular de fosfatos de cálcio neoformados.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológicoapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMestrado em Solos e Nutrição de PlantasUFVBRFertilidade do solo e nutrição de plantas; Gênese, Morfologia e Classificação, Mineralogia, Química,PedogênesePré-históriaAmbientePedogenesisPre-historyEnvironmentCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLOCaracterização pedológica de arqueo-antropossolos no Brasil: sambaquis da Região dos Lagos (RJ) e terras pretas de índio na região do baixo rio Negro/Solimões (AM)Pedological characterization of Brazilian archaeo-anthroposols: sambaquis from the lakes region (RJ) and indian dark earths from the low Negro/Solimões river region (AM)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFVinstname:Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)instacron:UFVORIGINALtexto completo.pdfapplication/pdf6579469https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/5395/1/texto%20completo.pdf9862ca3367aceb7a1a4c07a073c7ae45MD51TEXTtexto completo.pdf.txttexto completo.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain215365https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/5395/2/texto%20completo.pdf.txt32376a82e80c24a7422ae932bb48a695MD52THUMBNAILtexto completo.pdf.jpgtexto completo.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg3589https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/5395/3/texto%20completo.pdf.jpgfb3cca8621f1562f47eb91d4655a7369MD53123456789/53952016-04-11 23:01:20.388oai:locus.ufv.br:123456789/5395Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.locus.ufv.br/oai/requestfabiojreis@ufv.bropendoar:21452016-04-12T02:01:20LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV - Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)false
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv Caracterização pedológica de arqueo-antropossolos no Brasil: sambaquis da Região dos Lagos (RJ) e terras pretas de índio na região do baixo rio Negro/Solimões (AM)
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv Pedological characterization of Brazilian archaeo-anthroposols: sambaquis from the lakes region (RJ) and indian dark earths from the low Negro/Solimões river region (AM)
title Caracterização pedológica de arqueo-antropossolos no Brasil: sambaquis da Região dos Lagos (RJ) e terras pretas de índio na região do baixo rio Negro/Solimões (AM)
spellingShingle Caracterização pedológica de arqueo-antropossolos no Brasil: sambaquis da Região dos Lagos (RJ) e terras pretas de índio na região do baixo rio Negro/Solimões (AM)
Corrêa, Guilherme Resende
Pedogênese
Pré-história
Ambiente
Pedogenesis
Pre-history
Environment
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO
title_short Caracterização pedológica de arqueo-antropossolos no Brasil: sambaquis da Região dos Lagos (RJ) e terras pretas de índio na região do baixo rio Negro/Solimões (AM)
title_full Caracterização pedológica de arqueo-antropossolos no Brasil: sambaquis da Região dos Lagos (RJ) e terras pretas de índio na região do baixo rio Negro/Solimões (AM)
title_fullStr Caracterização pedológica de arqueo-antropossolos no Brasil: sambaquis da Região dos Lagos (RJ) e terras pretas de índio na região do baixo rio Negro/Solimões (AM)
title_full_unstemmed Caracterização pedológica de arqueo-antropossolos no Brasil: sambaquis da Região dos Lagos (RJ) e terras pretas de índio na região do baixo rio Negro/Solimões (AM)
title_sort Caracterização pedológica de arqueo-antropossolos no Brasil: sambaquis da Região dos Lagos (RJ) e terras pretas de índio na região do baixo rio Negro/Solimões (AM)
author Corrêa, Guilherme Resende
author_facet Corrêa, Guilherme Resende
author_role author
dc.contributor.authorLattes.por.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/6331488245672722
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Corrêa, Guilherme Resende
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv Oliveira, Maria Cristina Tenório de
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783506H4
dc.contributor.advisor-co2.fl_str_mv Fernandes Filho, Elpídio Inácio
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4703656Z4
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv Schaefer, Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4723204Y8
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv Ker, João Carlos
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4763842Z5
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv Lima, Hedinaldo Narciso
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4794101U0
contributor_str_mv Oliveira, Maria Cristina Tenório de
Fernandes Filho, Elpídio Inácio
Schaefer, Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud
Ker, João Carlos
Lima, Hedinaldo Narciso
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Pedogênese
Pré-história
Ambiente
topic Pedogênese
Pré-história
Ambiente
Pedogenesis
Pre-history
Environment
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Pedogenesis
Pre-history
Environment
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO
description This work surveyed some anthropogenic soils, the so-called Archaeo-Anthroposols. Those soils show advanced degree of pedogenesis, displaying tokens of their anthropic origin such as chemical and mineralogical characters and soil micromorphology. Some pottery shards are also constantly found in places where pottery making peoples dwelt, as well as shells and human skeletons, whose weathering increases soil pH, and other resistant material, such as stone made instruments and partially charred debris. These archaeologic soils were formed as a result of pre-historic human activity, and they shelter poorly studied cultural remains, so pedologic studies may help reconstruct the environment in which those cultures flourished and the soils began to form. The most widely studied Archaeo-Anthroposols in Brazil are found in the Amazon region, locally known as Indian Dark Earths (IDE), where they may occupy relatively large areas, up to several hectares wide, with thick altered soil mantles and higher chemical fertility than the surrounding non-anthropogenic soils. In coastal regions or in past hinterland riverine-marine systems human ancient human activity originated vast and generally high anthropic shell mounds, known as Sambaquis, which underwent intense pedogenesis and are chemically very rich, mainly in P, Ca, and Mg. The aim of this work was to increase the pedologic knowledge on Archaeo-Anthroposols by studying the anthropic and pedogenetic processes which originated some soil types by relating them to the environment supporting capacity, and comparing and classifying the soils through their physical, chemical and microchemical characterization. The maintenance for a long time span of high nutrient contents was observed in the IDE, which contrasts with the surrounding soils, whose nutrient levels are normally very low. This higher nutrient status in IDE soils is due to the presence of incompletely weathered nutrient sources such as biogenic apatite providing Ca and P; abundant pottery debris providing K and Na; copper, Mn, and Zn are held because of the formation of stable complexes with soil organic matter, which abounds in anthropic soil horizons. In floodplains IDE s, the concentrations of some chemical elements in non-anthropic soil horizons are equivalent to those in anthropic soil horizons, contrary to what is observed in upland IDE s, even without evidence of significant pedobioturbation and eluviation in the floodplains, which is an evidence of anthropic input of earth material from floodplains in the formation of upland IDE s. The main P and Ca sources in the Sambaqui Archaeo-Anthroposols are bone tissues, mollusk shelves and fish bones besides other more labile sources, no longer present in the soil, such as less dense and resistant (non-osseous) mollusk, fish and terrestrial animals tissues. This material is probably the cause of an initial increase in Ca and P levels, which inhibits the dissolution of more stable forms of bone apatite. In older horizons (more ancient human settlements), soil plasma is composed mainly by newly-formed calcium phosphate extremely fine fabric.
publishDate 2007
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2007-08-13
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2008-05-26
2015-03-26T13:53:02Z
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2015-03-26T13:53:02Z
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dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
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dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv CORRÊA, Guilherme Resende. Pedological characterization of Brazilian archaeo-anthroposols: sambaquis from the lakes region (RJ) and indian dark earths from the low Negro/Solimões river region (AM). 2007. 126 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fertilidade do solo e nutrição de plantas; Gênese, Morfologia e Classificação, Mineralogia, Química,) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2007.
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5395
identifier_str_mv CORRÊA, Guilherme Resende. Pedological characterization of Brazilian archaeo-anthroposols: sambaquis from the lakes region (RJ) and indian dark earths from the low Negro/Solimões river region (AM). 2007. 126 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fertilidade do solo e nutrição de plantas; Gênese, Morfologia e Classificação, Mineralogia, Química,) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2007.
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publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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