Avaliação ergonômica e ambiental de cabos aéreos na colheita de Pinus em Cerro Azul, PR

• Autor(a) principal: Penna, Eduardo Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3010
• topic: Ergonomia; Colheita florestal; Impacto ambiental; Pinus; Ergonomy; Forest harvest; Environmental impact; Pinus; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::MANEJO FLORESTAL

In forest companies located in mountains, the degree of mechanization is not very high due to the technical limitations of forest tractors. The present work was developed in the Vale do Ribeira forest company, Grupo Berneck, Tarumã Farm, in the city of Cerro Azul, PR, aiming to perform an ergonomic and environmental evaluation of the use of aerial cables in the harvest system of whole trees, in plots of the genus Pinus, in mountain regions. For the ergonomic evaluation of the towers of the aerial cables, it was used a questionnaire, which was completed by the operators or the three towers. Eleven variables were accurately evaluated: access to the cabin where they work, position in which the operators work, cabin of the operator, seat of the operator, controls and instruments, climate in the cabin, visibility of the cabin in relation to the work field, illumination of the work field, noise, exhaustion of smoke and dust and vibration. For the environmental evaluation of the harvest, interaction matrices were used, containing a total of twenty relevant factors and six activities of impact, which occur in the compartments of the physical, biotic and anthropic media. The resulting environmental impacts were analyzed by the descriptive statistics. It was also evaluated the profile of the respondents. It was concluded that, as for the ergonomic analyses of the eleven variables in each tower, the aerial cables of the K301 and K501 models do not meet the ergonomic requirements and, consequently, are susceptible to risks at work, while in the K601 model, the opposite occurs and the operator works in satisfactory ergonomic conditions. As for the environmental impacts, it was concluded that the biotic medium suffered the lowest negative environmental impact (-7,38%), the physical means presented the highest negative impact (- 64,43%) and the anthropic means presented the highest positive environmental impact (+28,19%). The interaction matrices presented 78 relations of environmental impact (interaction of 13 relevant environmental factors and 6 activities of impact). There was no relation of environmental impact for seven relevant environmental factors (one of the physical medium – turbidity and six of the biotic medium - vertebrates, insects, macrophytes, phytoplankton, fish and zooplankton). Among the thirteen relevant environmental impact factors, the activities of semimechanized forest fell and log dragging by aerial cable presented a relation of environmental impact with eleven environmental factors relevant to the physical, biotic and anthropic media, with one positive impact and ten negative impacts. The activity of hiring of labor presented interaction only with one relevant environmental factor (jobs), of the anthropic medium, whose impact was positive. The harvest system of whole trees with aerial cables, in relation to the total of environmental impacts, presented 44,29% of negative impacts. The correlations studied of 13 relevant environmental factors with six activities of impact presented a balance of environmental impacts with the distribution, in the compartments of their media, of 96 points of negative environmental impacts (Physical Medium), 11 points of negative environmental impacts (Biotic Medium) and 41 points of positive environmental impacts (Anthropic Medium). As for the profile of the four respondents, it was concluded that there was not a homogeneous behavior in their responses.