Estudo das alterações bioquímicas em sangue e diferentes órgãos de Phrynops geoffroanus (Schweigger, 1812) (Testudines: Chelidae) coletados em ambiente contaminado ou expostos ao benzo[a]pireno

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Maria Isabel Afonso da [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/127742
• topic: Ecologia aquatica; Toxicologia ambiental; Quelonio; Efeito da poluição da água; Metais pesados - Contaminação

The aquatic organisms are often exposed to a wide variety of chemicals, whose individual components are likely to produce different responses within the organisms and/or interact producing additive, synergistic or antagonistic toxic effects. Most of these substances are potentially cytotoxic, genotoxic or carcinogenic, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The Phrynops geoffroanus species (Geoffroy's side-necked turtle, Schweigger, 1812) is widely distributed in tropical and temperate areas of South America. This species is commonly found in impacted areas, and polluted rivers that cross the urban area and receive domestic and industrial wastewater effluents. In these environments, freshwater turtles are exposed to ecological pressures that threaten their conservation and can influence the animal life habits and physiological conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biochemical changes in various organs (liver, heart, lung, pancreas, brain, small and large intestines) of Phrynops geoffroanus from contaminated environment by human activities (sewage and industrial wastewater effluents) (Step 1) or exposed to benzo[a]pyrene, a PAHs model compound, for 7 days (Step 2). For this we analyzed the responses of systems related to phase I and II of xenobiotics biotransformation, main antioxidant enzymes activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicative of oxidative stress, as biomarkers for biomonitoring of pollutants impact. Furthermore, we have assessed the gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) enzymatic activity and DNA fragmentation by comet assay, in Phrynops geoffroanus' blood exposed to benzo[a]pyrene, in order to identify hepatic changes and genotoxicity according to the tested doses of this compound. The first step of this study analysis revealed an important influence of contamination by domestic and industrial wastewater effluents in free-living freshwater ...