Mecanismos de ação e influência de nutrientes na atividade antagônica de Aureobasidium pullulans à Geotrichum citri-aurantii

• Autor(a) principal: Klein, Mariana Nadjara [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148005
• topic: Atividade enzimática; Biofilme; Microscopia eletrônica; Podridão azeda; Qualidade de frutos; Sulfato de amônio; Ammonium sulphate; Biofilm; Citrus quality; Electron microscopy; Enzyme activity; Sour rot

The biocontrol efficiency of Aureobasidium pullulans strain ACBL-77 was evaluated against Geotrichum citri-aurantii, the causal agent of sour rot in citrus, and their interactions were studied in vitro and in vivo. For this purpuse, were evaluated (i) the biocontrol efficiency of A. pullulans ACBL-77 against the pathogen; (ii) the effect of different culture media on the production of yeast cells; (iii) the incorporation of nutritional sources in optimizing the antagonistic activity; (iv) the competition for nutrients between the microorganisms; (v) the effect of nutrients on yeast cell and biofilm production and their relation in the biocontrol of disease; (vi) the survival of yeast in citrus fruits; (vii) the interaction between the microorganisms by scanning electron microscopy; (viii) the effect of A. pullulans applications in the citrus fruits quality; (ix) the effect of ACBL-77 in the activity of the enzymes possibly involved with resistance induction. In the results this study, were verified that in the fruits treated with A. pullulans ACBL-77, preventively, the control percentage was higher than the curative treatment. The potato-dextrose-agar medium promoted the highest amount of yeast cells. The incorporation of micronutrients, such as boric acid, cobalt chloride and ammonium molybdate (1 mM), favoured the antagonistic action of A. pullulans in vitro. Ammonium sulphate 1mM and sucrose 0.5% favoured the yeast during the competition between the microorganisms. However, the addition of ammonium sulphate at 1% in the yeast culture stimulated biofilm production and consequently increased the antagonistic activity against the pathogen in vivo. The application of A. pullulans to fruits allowed the better survival of yeast in wounded sites of citrus fruit. The yeast was found to be able to form biofilm on citrus, deforming the pathogen hyphae. The application of yeast did not change the quality of citrus fruits, but increased the activities of the enzymes possibly involved in the defense of the fruits to pathogens. These results show the importance of the addition of nutrients and the types of nutrients in A. pullulans based-formulations when aiming for their use on a commercial scale. Additionally, this is the first report of a positive correlation between the increase in the quantity of biofilm produced by A. pullulans, depending on the nutrient source, with increased antagonistic activity.