Reusable rainwater quality at the ikorodu area of lagos, nigeria: Impact of first-flush and household treatment techniques
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Outros Autores: | , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2021.062 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/222931 |
Resumo: | Water scarcity is a huge problem in Africa, and hence rainwater becomes a crucial water source for fulfilling basic human needs. However, less attention has been given by African countries to the effectiveness of common rainwater treatments to ensure the population’s health. This study investigates the impact of different household treatment techniques (HHTTs), i.e. treatments by chlorine, boiling, alum, and a combination of alum and chlorine, on its storage system using a case study at the Ikorodu area of Lagos state, which is a rural area in Nigeria. The first-flush quality has been particularly studied here, where the microbial reduction through its practice has been examined from five different roofs. One of the investigated roofs was from a residential building, and four were constructed for the purpose of this study. In this study, the physical parameters (i.e. total suspended solids and turbidity) and the microbial parameters (i.e. total coliform and Escherichia coli) of the collected rainwater have been investigated. From the results, it has been observed that: (1) the water quality at the free phase zone is better than that at the tank’s bottom; (2) the combination of chlorine and alum gives the best rainwater quality after comparing the application of different HHTTs; and (3) a reduction of about 40% from the original contaminant load occurs in every 1 mm diversion. |
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Reusable rainwater quality at the ikorodu area of lagos, nigeria: Impact of first-flush and household treatment techniquesEscherichia coliRoof-harvested rainwater (RHRW)Total coliformTotal suspended solids (TSS)TurbidityWater scarcity is a huge problem in Africa, and hence rainwater becomes a crucial water source for fulfilling basic human needs. However, less attention has been given by African countries to the effectiveness of common rainwater treatments to ensure the population’s health. This study investigates the impact of different household treatment techniques (HHTTs), i.e. treatments by chlorine, boiling, alum, and a combination of alum and chlorine, on its storage system using a case study at the Ikorodu area of Lagos state, which is a rural area in Nigeria. The first-flush quality has been particularly studied here, where the microbial reduction through its practice has been examined from five different roofs. One of the investigated roofs was from a residential building, and four were constructed for the purpose of this study. In this study, the physical parameters (i.e. total suspended solids and turbidity) and the microbial parameters (i.e. total coliform and Escherichia coli) of the collected rainwater have been investigated. From the results, it has been observed that: (1) the water quality at the free phase zone is better than that at the tank’s bottom; (2) the combination of chlorine and alum gives the best rainwater quality after comparing the application of different HHTTs; and (3) a reduction of about 40% from the original contaminant load occurs in every 1 mm diversion.Arts and Humanities Research CouncilNatural Environment Research CouncilUK Research and InnovationFaculty of Engineering and Informatics University of BradfordUNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Geociências e Ciências ExatasNational Institute of Technology (NIT)University of the West Indies St. Augustine CampusUNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Geociências e Ciências ExatasUniversity of BradfordUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)National Institute of Technology (NIT)St. Augustine CampusJohn, Chukwuemeka K.Pu, Jaan H.Moruzzi, Rodrigo [UNESP]Pandey, ManishAzamathulla, Hazi Md.2022-04-28T19:47:39Z2022-04-28T19:47:39Z2021-09-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article732-745http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2021.062Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, v. 11, n. 5, p. 732-745, 2021.2408-93622043-9083http://hdl.handle.net/11449/22293110.2166/washdev.2021.0622-s2.0-85119994506Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengJournal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Developmentinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2022-04-28T19:47:39Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/222931Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-08-05T19:27:08.525330Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Reusable rainwater quality at the ikorodu area of lagos, nigeria: Impact of first-flush and household treatment techniques |
title |
Reusable rainwater quality at the ikorodu area of lagos, nigeria: Impact of first-flush and household treatment techniques |
spellingShingle |
Reusable rainwater quality at the ikorodu area of lagos, nigeria: Impact of first-flush and household treatment techniques John, Chukwuemeka K. Escherichia coli Roof-harvested rainwater (RHRW) Total coliform Total suspended solids (TSS) Turbidity |
title_short |
Reusable rainwater quality at the ikorodu area of lagos, nigeria: Impact of first-flush and household treatment techniques |
title_full |
Reusable rainwater quality at the ikorodu area of lagos, nigeria: Impact of first-flush and household treatment techniques |
title_fullStr |
Reusable rainwater quality at the ikorodu area of lagos, nigeria: Impact of first-flush and household treatment techniques |
title_full_unstemmed |
Reusable rainwater quality at the ikorodu area of lagos, nigeria: Impact of first-flush and household treatment techniques |
title_sort |
Reusable rainwater quality at the ikorodu area of lagos, nigeria: Impact of first-flush and household treatment techniques |
author |
John, Chukwuemeka K. |
author_facet |
John, Chukwuemeka K. Pu, Jaan H. Moruzzi, Rodrigo [UNESP] Pandey, Manish Azamathulla, Hazi Md. |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Pu, Jaan H. Moruzzi, Rodrigo [UNESP] Pandey, Manish Azamathulla, Hazi Md. |
author2_role |
author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
University of Bradford Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) National Institute of Technology (NIT) St. Augustine Campus |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
John, Chukwuemeka K. Pu, Jaan H. Moruzzi, Rodrigo [UNESP] Pandey, Manish Azamathulla, Hazi Md. |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Escherichia coli Roof-harvested rainwater (RHRW) Total coliform Total suspended solids (TSS) Turbidity |
topic |
Escherichia coli Roof-harvested rainwater (RHRW) Total coliform Total suspended solids (TSS) Turbidity |
description |
Water scarcity is a huge problem in Africa, and hence rainwater becomes a crucial water source for fulfilling basic human needs. However, less attention has been given by African countries to the effectiveness of common rainwater treatments to ensure the population’s health. This study investigates the impact of different household treatment techniques (HHTTs), i.e. treatments by chlorine, boiling, alum, and a combination of alum and chlorine, on its storage system using a case study at the Ikorodu area of Lagos state, which is a rural area in Nigeria. The first-flush quality has been particularly studied here, where the microbial reduction through its practice has been examined from five different roofs. One of the investigated roofs was from a residential building, and four were constructed for the purpose of this study. In this study, the physical parameters (i.e. total suspended solids and turbidity) and the microbial parameters (i.e. total coliform and Escherichia coli) of the collected rainwater have been investigated. From the results, it has been observed that: (1) the water quality at the free phase zone is better than that at the tank’s bottom; (2) the combination of chlorine and alum gives the best rainwater quality after comparing the application of different HHTTs; and (3) a reduction of about 40% from the original contaminant load occurs in every 1 mm diversion. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-09-01 2022-04-28T19:47:39Z 2022-04-28T19:47:39Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2021.062 Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, v. 11, n. 5, p. 732-745, 2021. 2408-9362 2043-9083 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/222931 10.2166/washdev.2021.062 2-s2.0-85119994506 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2021.062 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/222931 |
identifier_str_mv |
Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, v. 11, n. 5, p. 732-745, 2021. 2408-9362 2043-9083 10.2166/washdev.2021.062 2-s2.0-85119994506 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
732-745 |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Scopus reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1808129071422373888 |