Single-averaged model for analysis of frozen orbits around planets and moons

• Autor(a) principal: Carvalho, Jean P. S.
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Outros Autores: Yokoyama, Tadashi [UNESP], Mourão, Daniela C. [UNESP]
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10569-022-10092-6; http://hdl.handle.net/11449/242080
• topic: Average models; Frozen orbits; Orbital perturbations; Spacecraft

Let us consider the restricted three-body problem. Analysis of the orbital motion of a spacecraft around planets or moons is presented taking into account the nonsphericity of the primaries and the perturbations coming from a third body in an elliptical and inclined orbit. In the specific case of a spacecraft designed to explore a planet, moon or asteroid, it is noteworthy the increasing use of the averaging methods. This is a very powerful technique to simulate, very fast, the main effects caused by the disturbers on the dynamics of the spacecraft. In this work, we focus on the averaged methods applied in different conditions. Some comparisons are presented between the single-averaged, double-averaged models and the complete model, that is, the unaveraged model based on direct integration of the Cartesian (x, y, z) coordinates. This unaveraged model is quite necessary as it provides all the requirements to validate the performance and evaluate the usefulness of the averaged models for each specific problem. In the first part of this paper, we describe briefly some well-known techniques to obtain the averaged model considering the nonsphericity of the primary as well as the perturbation due to the third body. On the other hand, this is a opportunity to mention some misprints and typos problems, in the literature related to this subject. We compared the performance of single- and double-averaging models, keeping the x–y–z unaveraged model as the baseline of reference. The case of a high lunar orbit (Nie et al. in Celest Mech Dyn Astron 131(29):1–31, 2019) considering the perturbation of the Earth seems to be instructive. Single-average model is more accurate than the double-average model in the analysis of the eccentricity evolution, but in some cases of the inclination evolution, the three models agree and the average models are both very accurate. When comparing the results, eventual typos were detected in some works related to the literature of this subject. In the second part of this paper, we detached some aspects of the dynamics of a probe around Mercury (Sect. 5) involved in frozen orbit (FO) and in quasi-frozen orbit, (quasi-FO). Due to the interesting gravitational field of the planet and its proximity to the Sun, this is an important problem. Recently, many papers, not only on pure dynamics but on gravitational field of Mercury, have been published, according to references listed in this work. An exhaustive investigation on FO using double-averaging model was reported in Tresaco et al. (Celest Mech Dyn Astron 130(9):1–26, 2018). In this paper we revisit this problem, using x–y–z-model as a primary source of results. After a number of experiments, it was possible to use confidently the single averaging in many cases, for instance, in searching quasi-FO for Mercury planet. Although we do not include the effect of the radiation pressure, a number of our simulations can be compared with those given in Tresaco et al. (2018).