O papel das raízes e dos microrganismos na estruturação de um solo em processo de recuperação

• Autor(a) principal: Tofanelli, Jaqueline Cardoso
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/214105
• topic: Arbuscular mycorrhiza; Grass; Stylosanthes sp; Arbuscular mycorrhiza; Dark septate endophytic fungi; Gramínea; Stylosanthes sp.; Micorriza arbuscular; Fungos endofíticos septados escuros

In the 60s, due to the construction of the Ilha Solteira Hydroelectric Power Plant, some areas served as "loan areas", undergoing an intense process of degradation, due to the removal of vegetation and thick layers of soil, with exposure of the subsoil to the surface and, consequently, to the weather. In the absence of vegetation, edaphic conditions, litter production and microbiological activity are negatively compromised. The restoration of vegetation, as a result of ecological restoration, leads to the improvement of ecosystem services and can contribute to stimulating soil development through the root system of the vegetation, which introduces organic matter into the subsurface and thus stimulates microbial activity and the formation of aggregates, improving the edaphic condition of the degraded soil. Given the above, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the introduction of Stylosanthes sp. and the establishment of the grass Aristida riparia Trin., in a subsoil in the process of recovery. The experiment was conducted in a degraded area, submitted to the recovery process, at Teaching, Research and Extension Farm of the Engineering Faculty of Ilha Solteira – UNESP/ Ilha Solteira Campus, located in the city of Selvíria – MS. The experimental design used was completely randomized, with four treatments: no vegetation (SV), Stylosanthes sp. (STY), A. riparia (GRAM), and Stylosanthes sp. + A. riparia (STYGRAM), with 3 repetitions. Soil samples were collected from the root system (SSR) and 0.30m away from the plant insertion point (SOLO). The evaluated attributes were soil fertility, root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (FMA) and dark septate endophytic fungi (DSE) and images of aggregates in scanning electron microscopy. The introduction of STY and colonization by GRAM, in degraded soil, are producing changes in the soil, there was an increase in the contents of N, P, MO, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, increase in pH and reduction in Al3+ and H+Al. Where the association of these (STYGRAM) obtained the best results. In grass, root colonization showed a predominance of DSE. Roots and fungal hyphae are contributing to soil aggregation.