Adaptação e desenvolvimento de instrumentos para avaliação de crianças e adolescentes com TDAH, análise de perfil neuropsicológico e relação com desempenho funcional

• Autor(a) principal: Trevisan, Bruna Tonietti
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do Mackenzie
• Texto Completo: http://dspace.mackenzie.br/handle/10899/24532
• topic: Síndrome do déficit de atenção (TDAH); avaliação neuropsicológica; desempenho funcional; instrumentos de avaliação; ADHD; neuropsychological assessment; functional performance; assessment tools; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA::PSICOLOGIA COGNITIVA

The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects about 3-5% of school-age children. In spite of many evidences of cognitive impairments in this disorder, the diagnosis is still predominantly clinical. Many relevant neuropsychological abilities have been implicated in ADHD, including deficits in executive functions (EF) of the regulatory state and delay aversion. However, it remains unclear if these three factors are independent pathways for explanation of ADHD, or even how to derive the relationships between such factors and ADHD. In addition to the investigation of the aforementioned subjects, it is necessary to explore the functional implications of symptoms and neuropsychological deficits in ADHD, to establish appropriate interventions for the disorder. Furthermore, in Brazil there are no studies that have sought to develop valid and accurate measures for evaluating state regulation and delay aversion in children, as well as ecological measures of EF. The objectives of this project are to translate, adapt and develop tools for evaluation of children and adolescents with ADHD; examine the neuropsychological performance in terms of different aspects of EF, regulation and delay aversion; and to investigate the relationship between symptoms, neuropsychological performance, and academic skills. Based on these relationships, three studies were conducted: Study 1 - Translate, adapt and seek evidence of validity and accuracy of Chexi while ecological measure of FE; Task of Regulation, as a measure of state regulation; and the Delay Aversion (TAD) test for assessment of aversion to delay. Participants 408 children, ages 4 to 7 years of Child Education students and first year of elementary school of public schools in São Paulo, as well as their teachers and parents. Study 2 - Develop a new task aversion to delay another state regulation and an inventory covering different facets of FE, to be answered by parents and teachers. Participated in a total of 332 children and adolescents between 5 and 14 years of age, of both sexes, students from 1st to 9th grade at a public school and two private schools in São Paulo. Study 3 - verify the heterogeneity of ADHD, both in terms of neuropsychological performance as compared to academic and behavioral performance in 62 children and adolescents (50% diagnosed with ADHD and 50% matched controls in terms of age, sex and education) between 7 and 14 years of age, of both sexes, students from public and private schools. Results: Study 1: Internal consistency of Chexi were excellent (Cronbach's alpha of 0.94 and 0.98 for the father answered by teachers; Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.92 and 0.96 for parents and teachers , respectively). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed two factors for CHEXI (an EF general factor and a factor representing self-regulation and inhibitory control). Thus, the CHEXI factorial structure did not found the structured we desired. Thus, we performed a Study 2: All the three new developed measures achieved excellent internal consistency indices and EFA for IFERI yielded the five desired dimensions (working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, delay aversion and state regulation). Study 3: Mann-Whitney Analyzes revealed differences between clinical and control groups in most of the measures and Spearman correlation analysis indicated the relationship between neuropsychological, functional, symptomatic and functional performance, highlighting the importance of the characterization of ADHD under dimensional point of view.