A study about the smile and the laughing in children of four and five years old
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 1990 |
Outros Autores: | |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Psicologia USP (Online) |
Texto Completo: | https://www.revistas.usp.br/psicousp/article/view/34412 |
Resumo: | Smiling has been more widely investigated than laughing and both have been the focus of studies specially in the mother-infant interaction. In the present study, older children (4-5 ys) were observed while interacting, and, following CHEYNE'S (1976) suggestion, three categories of smiles were recognized: with no teeth exposure, with upper teeth exposure, with upper and lower teeth exposure. Laughter, which was not examined by that author, was added to this analysis. A group of 19 children (8 boys, 11 girls) was followed through a focal-Individual Sampling Method. Each Focal-Individual was submitted to six ten-minute observation sessions. It was verified that the upper teeth exposure category was significantly more frequent than the other forms of expression. The frequencies of the smile with upper and lower teeth exposure and the laughter were equivalent and both were more frequent than the smile with no teeth exposure. A significant negative correlation between the smile with no teeth exposure and that with upper teeth exposure, and also a significant positive correlation between the smile with upper and lower teeth exposure and laughter were found. Our results confirm Cheyne's suggestion that smiling is an heterogeneous motivational category, although the pattern of correlations found was not exactly the same: Cheyne found a negative correlation between the smile with no teeth exposure and the smile with upper and lower teeth exposure. |
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Psicologia USP (Online) |
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A study about the smile and the laughing in children of four and five years old Um estudo sobre o sorriso e o riso em crianças de quatro a cinco anos Comunicação não verbalRisoSorrisoLaughterNon verbal communicationSmiles Smiling has been more widely investigated than laughing and both have been the focus of studies specially in the mother-infant interaction. In the present study, older children (4-5 ys) were observed while interacting, and, following CHEYNE'S (1976) suggestion, three categories of smiles were recognized: with no teeth exposure, with upper teeth exposure, with upper and lower teeth exposure. Laughter, which was not examined by that author, was added to this analysis. A group of 19 children (8 boys, 11 girls) was followed through a focal-Individual Sampling Method. Each Focal-Individual was submitted to six ten-minute observation sessions. It was verified that the upper teeth exposure category was significantly more frequent than the other forms of expression. The frequencies of the smile with upper and lower teeth exposure and the laughter were equivalent and both were more frequent than the smile with no teeth exposure. A significant negative correlation between the smile with no teeth exposure and that with upper teeth exposure, and also a significant positive correlation between the smile with upper and lower teeth exposure and laughter were found. Our results confirm Cheyne's suggestion that smiling is an heterogeneous motivational category, although the pattern of correlations found was not exactly the same: Cheyne found a negative correlation between the smile with no teeth exposure and the smile with upper and lower teeth exposure. O sorriso foi mais estudado que o riso e ambos foram focalizados especialmente em bebês, no contexto de interação com a mãe. No nosso estudo, focalizamos um grupo de crianças maiores (4-5 anos), em interação entre si. Seguindo a sugestão de CHEYNE (1976) diferenciamos três tipos de sorriso: sem exposição dos dentes, com exposição dos dentes superiores e com exposição dos dentes superiores e inferiores. Acrescentamos na análise, o riso, que não foi examinado por este autor. Observamos um grupo de 19 crianças (8 meninos e 11 meninas). Foi utilizado o método de observação de sujeito focal. Para cada sujeito focal foram realizadas seus sessões de 10-minutos. Verificou-se que o sorriso com exposição dos dentes superiores foi significativamente mais freqüente que as outras formas de expressão. A freqüência do sorriso com exposição dos dentes superiores e inferiores e do riso foi equivalente e ambos ocorreram mais freqüentemente que o sorriso sem exposição dos dentes. Encontrou-se correlação negativa significativa entre o sorriso sem exposição dos dentes e aquele com exposição dos dentes superiores e correlação positiva significativa entre o sorriso com exposição dos dentes superiores e inferiores e o riso. Nossos resultados confirmam a sugestão de CHEYNE (1976) de que o sorriso é uma categoria motivacional heterogênea, embora o padrão de correlações encontrado não tenha sido exatamente o mesmo: Cheyne encontrou correlação negativa entre o sorriso sem exposição dos dentes e aquele com exposição das duas fileiras de dentes. Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Psicologia1990-06-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://www.revistas.usp.br/psicousp/article/view/3441210.1590/S1678-51771990000100003Psicologia USP; v. 1 n. 1 (1990); 13-24Psicologia USP; Vol. 1 No. 1 (1990); 13-24Psicologia USP; Vol. 1 Núm. 1 (1990); 13-241678-51770103-6564reponame:Psicologia USP (Online)instname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP)instacron:USPporhttps://www.revistas.usp.br/psicousp/article/view/34412/37150Copyright (c) 2016 Psicologia USPinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessOtta, EmmaSarra, Simone2017-01-30T15:31:41Zoai:revistas.usp.br:article/34412Revistahttps://www.revistas.usp.br/psicouspPUBhttps://www.revistas.usp.br/psicousp/oairevpsico@usp.br1678-51770103-6564opendoar:2017-01-30T15:31:41Psicologia USP (Online) - Universidade de São Paulo (USP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
A study about the smile and the laughing in children of four and five years old Um estudo sobre o sorriso e o riso em crianças de quatro a cinco anos |
title |
A study about the smile and the laughing in children of four and five years old |
spellingShingle |
A study about the smile and the laughing in children of four and five years old Otta, Emma Comunicação não verbal Riso Sorriso Laughter Non verbal communication Smiles |
title_short |
A study about the smile and the laughing in children of four and five years old |
title_full |
A study about the smile and the laughing in children of four and five years old |
title_fullStr |
A study about the smile and the laughing in children of four and five years old |
title_full_unstemmed |
A study about the smile and the laughing in children of four and five years old |
title_sort |
A study about the smile and the laughing in children of four and five years old |
author |
Otta, Emma |
author_facet |
Otta, Emma Sarra, Simone |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Sarra, Simone |
author2_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Otta, Emma Sarra, Simone |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Comunicação não verbal Riso Sorriso Laughter Non verbal communication Smiles |
topic |
Comunicação não verbal Riso Sorriso Laughter Non verbal communication Smiles |
description |
Smiling has been more widely investigated than laughing and both have been the focus of studies specially in the mother-infant interaction. In the present study, older children (4-5 ys) were observed while interacting, and, following CHEYNE'S (1976) suggestion, three categories of smiles were recognized: with no teeth exposure, with upper teeth exposure, with upper and lower teeth exposure. Laughter, which was not examined by that author, was added to this analysis. A group of 19 children (8 boys, 11 girls) was followed through a focal-Individual Sampling Method. Each Focal-Individual was submitted to six ten-minute observation sessions. It was verified that the upper teeth exposure category was significantly more frequent than the other forms of expression. The frequencies of the smile with upper and lower teeth exposure and the laughter were equivalent and both were more frequent than the smile with no teeth exposure. A significant negative correlation between the smile with no teeth exposure and that with upper teeth exposure, and also a significant positive correlation between the smile with upper and lower teeth exposure and laughter were found. Our results confirm Cheyne's suggestion that smiling is an heterogeneous motivational category, although the pattern of correlations found was not exactly the same: Cheyne found a negative correlation between the smile with no teeth exposure and the smile with upper and lower teeth exposure. |
publishDate |
1990 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
1990-06-01 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://www.revistas.usp.br/psicousp/article/view/34412 10.1590/S1678-51771990000100003 |
url |
https://www.revistas.usp.br/psicousp/article/view/34412 |
identifier_str_mv |
10.1590/S1678-51771990000100003 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://www.revistas.usp.br/psicousp/article/view/34412/37150 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2016 Psicologia USP info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2016 Psicologia USP |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Psicologia |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Psicologia |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Psicologia USP; v. 1 n. 1 (1990); 13-24 Psicologia USP; Vol. 1 No. 1 (1990); 13-24 Psicologia USP; Vol. 1 Núm. 1 (1990); 13-24 1678-5177 0103-6564 reponame:Psicologia USP (Online) instname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP) instacron:USP |
instname_str |
Universidade de São Paulo (USP) |
instacron_str |
USP |
institution |
USP |
reponame_str |
Psicologia USP (Online) |
collection |
Psicologia USP (Online) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Psicologia USP (Online) - Universidade de São Paulo (USP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
revpsico@usp.br |
_version_ |
1800221955066953728 |