The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) take-off: A constructivist analysis of the R2P based on its application in the conflict in Libya and Syria

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Pacheco, Larissa Campos dos Santos
Data de Publicação: 2022
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Texto Completo: https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/101/101131/tde-03052022-080714/
Resumo: The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) has been in the spotlight of International Relations discussions since its endorsement in the United Nations (UN) system in 2005. However, since the beginning of the armed conflicts in Libya and Syria in 2011, scholars and practitioners have been increasingly discussing the applicability of the R2P beyond theory, as the level of violence in these scenarios has pressured the UN to effectively apply protective measures due the significant threat of crimes against humanity, genocide, and war crimes. The R2P has been contested and has failed in providing assistance to Syria, and while in Libya the UNs main argument to intervene in the country was based on the R2P, it has been questioned whether the results in the aftermath of the R2Ps implementation have been auspicious in Libya. Considering this scenario, many scholars have had a negative bias that has led to a detrimental instead of a candid analysis of the R2P. This study has taken into consideration this negative partiality therefore, the main question of this research is: If the R2P has failed in Libya and/or Syria, does it mean that the R2P has failed in its overall? The hypothesis of this study is that despite its setbacks, the R2P has contributed to strengthen a series of norms, instruments, and agendas that are interconnected under the same goal, to protect civilians and strengthen human rights norms. In order to respond its main question and test its hypothesis, this study has introduced the origins of the R2P and its reasoning, subsequently the R2P Report written by the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) in 2001 was presented as well as the adaptation of the R2P text within the UN system. After a literature review of the R2P, the research adopted the premises of the constructivist theory as theoretical vein to analyze the R2P and its evolution within the UN. Therefore, arguments utilized to discuss the development of R2P in Libya and Syria are grounded in this theoretical background. Throughout this work, this study identified insights that are important to the R2P literature, to the normative contestation debate of the constructivist literature and to human rights scholars and practitioners. Furthermore, the study has come across reverberations of the R2Ps advancements and failures at the UN. These effects corroborate the hypothesis that even though the R2P has failed in specific scenarios, it has strengthened the human protection rhetoric, and has pressured States to find alternative ways within the UN System to minimally guarantee what has been established by the R2P as the Independent Investigative Mechanisms of the Human Rights Council.
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spelling The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) take-off: A constructivist analysis of the R2P based on its application in the conflict in Libya and SyriaA Responsabilidade de Proteger (R2P) decola: Uma Análise Construtivista da R2P baseada na sua aplicação no conflito na Líbia e na SíriaConstructivismConstrutivismoLíbiaLibyaResponsabilidade de ProtegerResponsibility to ProtectSíriaSyriaThe Responsibility to Protect (R2P) has been in the spotlight of International Relations discussions since its endorsement in the United Nations (UN) system in 2005. However, since the beginning of the armed conflicts in Libya and Syria in 2011, scholars and practitioners have been increasingly discussing the applicability of the R2P beyond theory, as the level of violence in these scenarios has pressured the UN to effectively apply protective measures due the significant threat of crimes against humanity, genocide, and war crimes. The R2P has been contested and has failed in providing assistance to Syria, and while in Libya the UNs main argument to intervene in the country was based on the R2P, it has been questioned whether the results in the aftermath of the R2Ps implementation have been auspicious in Libya. Considering this scenario, many scholars have had a negative bias that has led to a detrimental instead of a candid analysis of the R2P. This study has taken into consideration this negative partiality therefore, the main question of this research is: If the R2P has failed in Libya and/or Syria, does it mean that the R2P has failed in its overall? The hypothesis of this study is that despite its setbacks, the R2P has contributed to strengthen a series of norms, instruments, and agendas that are interconnected under the same goal, to protect civilians and strengthen human rights norms. In order to respond its main question and test its hypothesis, this study has introduced the origins of the R2P and its reasoning, subsequently the R2P Report written by the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) in 2001 was presented as well as the adaptation of the R2P text within the UN system. After a literature review of the R2P, the research adopted the premises of the constructivist theory as theoretical vein to analyze the R2P and its evolution within the UN. Therefore, arguments utilized to discuss the development of R2P in Libya and Syria are grounded in this theoretical background. Throughout this work, this study identified insights that are important to the R2P literature, to the normative contestation debate of the constructivist literature and to human rights scholars and practitioners. Furthermore, the study has come across reverberations of the R2Ps advancements and failures at the UN. These effects corroborate the hypothesis that even though the R2P has failed in specific scenarios, it has strengthened the human protection rhetoric, and has pressured States to find alternative ways within the UN System to minimally guarantee what has been established by the R2P as the Independent Investigative Mechanisms of the Human Rights Council.A Responsabilidade de Proteger (R2P) tem estado em destaque em discussões no campo das Relações Internacionais desde a sua adoção no Sistema da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) em 2005. Porém, desde o início dos conflitos na Líbia e na Síria em 2011, pesquisadores e profissionais da área têm progressivamente debatido ainda mais a aplicabilidade da R2P além da teoria, uma vez que o nível de violência nesses cenários tem pressionado a ONU a aplicar mais efetivamente medidas de proteção diante das ameaças significantes de crimes contra humanidade, genocídio e crimes de guerra. A R2P tem sido contestada e falhou em fornecer assistência para a Síria, e enquanto na Líbia o principal argumento da ONU para intervir no país tenha sido com base na R2P, tem sido questionado se os resultados após a implementação da R2P têm sido auspiciosos na Líbia. Considerando esse cenário, muitos pesquisadores têm apresentado uma inclinação negativa que tem gerado uma análise desfavorável sobre a R2P, ao invés de franca. Esse estudo é desenvolvido levando em conta essa parcialidade negativa, logo, a principal pergunta dessa pesquisa é: Se a R2P falhou na Líbia e na Síria, isso significa que a R2P é uma falha total? A hipótese desse estudo é que apesar dos retrocessos, a R2P tem contribuído para reforçar uma série de normas, instrumentos, e agendas que são interconectados pelo mesmo objetivo, proteger civis e fortalecer as normas de direitos humanos. Para responder a principal pergunta do trabalho e testar a hipótese desse estudo, essa pesquisa introduziu as origens da R2P e a sua fundamentação, subsequentemente, o Relatório da R2P formulado pela International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) em 2001 foi apresentado junto as adaptações da norma para ser operacionalizada dentro do Sistema ONU. Após uma revisão de literatura, a pesquisa adotou as premissas da teoria construtivista como principal veia teórica para analisar a R2P e a sua evolução dentro da ONU. Logo, os argumentos utilizados para entender o desenvolvimento da R2P na Líbia e na Síria são fundamentos a partir da abordagem teórica construtivista. Através desse trabalho, esse estudo identificou ângulos que são importantes para a literatura da R2P, para o debate sobre contestação normativa da literatura construtivista e para pesquisadores e profissionais dos direitos humanos. Além disso, essa pesquisa também se deparou com reverberações dos avanços e falhas da R2P na ONU. Esses efeitos corroboram a hipótese que embora a R2P tenha falhado em cenários específicos, ela foi capaz de fortalecer a retórica de proteção humana, e pressionar Estados a encontrarem caminhos alternativos dentro do Sistema ONU para garantir minimamente o que foi estabelecido pela R2P, como os Mecanismos de Investigação Independente do Conselho de Direitos Humanos.Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USPLehmann, Kai EnnoPacheco, Larissa Campos dos Santos2022-03-03info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttps://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/101/101131/tde-03052022-080714/reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USPinstname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP)instacron:USPLiberar o conteúdo para acesso público.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesseng2022-05-10T20:11:41Zoai:teses.usp.br:tde-03052022-080714Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttp://www.teses.usp.br/PUBhttp://www.teses.usp.br/cgi-bin/mtd2br.plvirginia@if.usp.br|| atendimento@aguia.usp.br||virginia@if.usp.bropendoar:27212022-05-10T20:11:41Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP - Universidade de São Paulo (USP)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) take-off: A constructivist analysis of the R2P based on its application in the conflict in Libya and Syria
A Responsabilidade de Proteger (R2P) decola: Uma Análise Construtivista da R2P baseada na sua aplicação no conflito na Líbia e na Síria
title The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) take-off: A constructivist analysis of the R2P based on its application in the conflict in Libya and Syria
spellingShingle The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) take-off: A constructivist analysis of the R2P based on its application in the conflict in Libya and Syria
Pacheco, Larissa Campos dos Santos
Constructivism
Construtivismo
Líbia
Libya
Responsabilidade de Proteger
Responsibility to Protect
Síria
Syria
title_short The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) take-off: A constructivist analysis of the R2P based on its application in the conflict in Libya and Syria
title_full The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) take-off: A constructivist analysis of the R2P based on its application in the conflict in Libya and Syria
title_fullStr The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) take-off: A constructivist analysis of the R2P based on its application in the conflict in Libya and Syria
title_full_unstemmed The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) take-off: A constructivist analysis of the R2P based on its application in the conflict in Libya and Syria
title_sort The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) take-off: A constructivist analysis of the R2P based on its application in the conflict in Libya and Syria
author Pacheco, Larissa Campos dos Santos
author_facet Pacheco, Larissa Campos dos Santos
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Lehmann, Kai Enno
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Pacheco, Larissa Campos dos Santos
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Constructivism
Construtivismo
Líbia
Libya
Responsabilidade de Proteger
Responsibility to Protect
Síria
Syria
topic Constructivism
Construtivismo
Líbia
Libya
Responsabilidade de Proteger
Responsibility to Protect
Síria
Syria
description The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) has been in the spotlight of International Relations discussions since its endorsement in the United Nations (UN) system in 2005. However, since the beginning of the armed conflicts in Libya and Syria in 2011, scholars and practitioners have been increasingly discussing the applicability of the R2P beyond theory, as the level of violence in these scenarios has pressured the UN to effectively apply protective measures due the significant threat of crimes against humanity, genocide, and war crimes. The R2P has been contested and has failed in providing assistance to Syria, and while in Libya the UNs main argument to intervene in the country was based on the R2P, it has been questioned whether the results in the aftermath of the R2Ps implementation have been auspicious in Libya. Considering this scenario, many scholars have had a negative bias that has led to a detrimental instead of a candid analysis of the R2P. This study has taken into consideration this negative partiality therefore, the main question of this research is: If the R2P has failed in Libya and/or Syria, does it mean that the R2P has failed in its overall? The hypothesis of this study is that despite its setbacks, the R2P has contributed to strengthen a series of norms, instruments, and agendas that are interconnected under the same goal, to protect civilians and strengthen human rights norms. In order to respond its main question and test its hypothesis, this study has introduced the origins of the R2P and its reasoning, subsequently the R2P Report written by the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) in 2001 was presented as well as the adaptation of the R2P text within the UN system. After a literature review of the R2P, the research adopted the premises of the constructivist theory as theoretical vein to analyze the R2P and its evolution within the UN. Therefore, arguments utilized to discuss the development of R2P in Libya and Syria are grounded in this theoretical background. Throughout this work, this study identified insights that are important to the R2P literature, to the normative contestation debate of the constructivist literature and to human rights scholars and practitioners. Furthermore, the study has come across reverberations of the R2Ps advancements and failures at the UN. These effects corroborate the hypothesis that even though the R2P has failed in specific scenarios, it has strengthened the human protection rhetoric, and has pressured States to find alternative ways within the UN System to minimally guarantee what has been established by the R2P as the Independent Investigative Mechanisms of the Human Rights Council.
publishDate 2022
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