Development of a low-cost portable system to measure emissions from flexfuel vehicles
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
Texto Completo: | https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-18112022-143633/ |
Resumo: | Large urban centers such as the Metropolitan Area of Sao Paulo are subject to the pollution of soil, water, and air, where vehicles are an important source of atmospheric pollutants. In Brazil, the automotive fleet is mainly composed of flexfuel cars, fueled with ethanol as well as gasoline in any proportion. The control of the emissions and measurement of Emission Factors (EF) from vehicles is done by diverse methods, for example, in-tunnel experiments, remote sensing, standardized laboratory tests, and by the real driving emissions (RDE) test, running the vehicle in the roads coupled to a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS). Furthermore, the RDE test was included in the new phases of the PROCONVE (Brazilian Program to Control Air Pollution from Automotive Vehicles) for homologation proposals. However, commercial PEMS are costly, heavy, and hard to be customized, while low-cost sensor technology is becoming even more available and, reliable. Thus, this research had the goal of developing a compact and low-cost PEMS, able to be applied in flexfuel vehicles. The low-cost PEMS was evaluated in vehicular emissions laboratory, reaching coefficients of determination R2 above 0.94 for CO2 and CO and 0.73 for THC. The data from real-world tests performed with the low-cost PEMS were condensed in EF, indicating relevant tendencies for improving mathematic models for pollutant emissions from vehicles. The results, in comparison to the values from standardized laboratory tests, point to an increase above 50% in the emissions at low urban speeds, at high accelerations and vehicle-specific power (VSP) demand, and close to 10 times increment for cold start emission. The most representative EF parameters were the vehicle speed and the VSP, with R2 close to 0.90 for tendency curves expressed by first- and second-degree equations. The final result was a light, small dimensions, liable system, expending only a fraction of the value of a commercial device, and these characteristics could ease future academic research on vehicle emissions, including motorcycles. |
id |
USP_4a1761b0c5693764a118b8a746506d8a |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:teses.usp.br:tde-18112022-143633 |
network_acronym_str |
USP |
network_name_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
repository_id_str |
2721 |
spelling |
Development of a low-cost portable system to measure emissions from flexfuel vehiclesDesenvolvimento de um sistema portátil de baixo custo para medição de emissões de veículos flexfuelAtmospheric pollutionEmissões veiculareslow-cost sensorsPEMSPEMSPoluição atmosféricaRDERDEsensores de baixo custovehicular emissionsLarge urban centers such as the Metropolitan Area of Sao Paulo are subject to the pollution of soil, water, and air, where vehicles are an important source of atmospheric pollutants. In Brazil, the automotive fleet is mainly composed of flexfuel cars, fueled with ethanol as well as gasoline in any proportion. The control of the emissions and measurement of Emission Factors (EF) from vehicles is done by diverse methods, for example, in-tunnel experiments, remote sensing, standardized laboratory tests, and by the real driving emissions (RDE) test, running the vehicle in the roads coupled to a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS). Furthermore, the RDE test was included in the new phases of the PROCONVE (Brazilian Program to Control Air Pollution from Automotive Vehicles) for homologation proposals. However, commercial PEMS are costly, heavy, and hard to be customized, while low-cost sensor technology is becoming even more available and, reliable. Thus, this research had the goal of developing a compact and low-cost PEMS, able to be applied in flexfuel vehicles. The low-cost PEMS was evaluated in vehicular emissions laboratory, reaching coefficients of determination R2 above 0.94 for CO2 and CO and 0.73 for THC. The data from real-world tests performed with the low-cost PEMS were condensed in EF, indicating relevant tendencies for improving mathematic models for pollutant emissions from vehicles. The results, in comparison to the values from standardized laboratory tests, point to an increase above 50% in the emissions at low urban speeds, at high accelerations and vehicle-specific power (VSP) demand, and close to 10 times increment for cold start emission. The most representative EF parameters were the vehicle speed and the VSP, with R2 close to 0.90 for tendency curves expressed by first- and second-degree equations. The final result was a light, small dimensions, liable system, expending only a fraction of the value of a commercial device, and these characteristics could ease future academic research on vehicle emissions, including motorcycles.Grandes centros urbanos, como a Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, estão sujeitos à poluição do solo, água e ar, onde os veículos são uma importante fonte de poluentes atmosféricos. No Brasil, a frota de automóveis é composta principalmente por carros flexfuel, abastecidos tanto com etanol como com gasolina, em qualquer proporção. O controle de emissões e medidas de Fatores de Emissão (Emission Factors - EF) produzidas por veículos são feitos por diversos métodos, por exemplo, experimentos em túneis, sensoriamento remoto, testes padronizados em laboratório e por meio do ensaio de emissões em tráfego real (Real Driving Emissions RDE), rodando o veículo nas ruas, acoplado a um sistema portátil de medição de emissões (Portable Emissions Measurement System PEMS). Além disso, o ensaio de RDE foi incluído nas novas fases do Programa Brasileiro de Controle de Poluição do Ar por Veículos (PROCONVE) para fins de homologação do veículo. Porém, os PEMS comerciais são caros, pesados e difíceis de ser customizados, enquanto que a tecnologia de sensores de baixo custo está cada vez mais disponível e confiável, portanto, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um PEMS compacto e de baixo custo, apto a ser aplicado em veículos flexfuel. O PEMS de baixo custo foi avaliado em laboratório de emissões veiculares, alcançando coeficientes de determinação R2 acima de 0,94 para CO2 e CO e de 0,73 para THC. Os dados dos testes em tráfego real, executados com o PEMS de baixo custo foram condensados em Fatores de Emissão (Emission Factor EF), que possibilitam indicar tendências relevantes para o aperfeiçoamento de modelos matemáticos para emissões de poluentes por veículos. Os resultados, em comparação com os valores obtidos em ensaios padronizados de laboratório, apontam para o aumento de cerca de 50% das emissões nas baixas velocidades urbanas, em elevadas acelerações e altas demandas de potência específica veicular (Vehicle Specific Power VSP), e próxima de 10 vezes maior em quando o motor está frio. Os parâmetros de EF mais representativos foram a velocidade do veículo e o VSP, com R2 próximo de 0.90 para curvas de tendência expressas por equações de primeiro e segundo grau. O resultado final foi um sistema leve, com dimensões reduzidas e confiável, que requereu o dispêndio de somente uma fração do valor de um equipamento comercial, e essas características poderão facilitar futuras pesquisas acadêmicas sobre poluição veicular, inclusive de motocicletas.Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USPAlmeida Filho, Flavio Guilherme Vaz deAndrade, Maria de FatimaForcetto, André Luiz Silva2022-09-22info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfhttps://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-18112022-143633/reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USPinstname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP)instacron:USPLiberar o conteúdo para acesso público.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesseng2022-11-18T20:38:09Zoai:teses.usp.br:tde-18112022-143633Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttp://www.teses.usp.br/PUBhttp://www.teses.usp.br/cgi-bin/mtd2br.plvirginia@if.usp.br|| atendimento@aguia.usp.br||virginia@if.usp.bropendoar:27212022-11-18T20:38:09Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP - Universidade de São Paulo (USP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Development of a low-cost portable system to measure emissions from flexfuel vehicles Desenvolvimento de um sistema portátil de baixo custo para medição de emissões de veículos flexfuel |
title |
Development of a low-cost portable system to measure emissions from flexfuel vehicles |
spellingShingle |
Development of a low-cost portable system to measure emissions from flexfuel vehicles Forcetto, André Luiz Silva Atmospheric pollution Emissões veiculares low-cost sensors PEMS PEMS Poluição atmosférica RDE RDE sensores de baixo custo vehicular emissions |
title_short |
Development of a low-cost portable system to measure emissions from flexfuel vehicles |
title_full |
Development of a low-cost portable system to measure emissions from flexfuel vehicles |
title_fullStr |
Development of a low-cost portable system to measure emissions from flexfuel vehicles |
title_full_unstemmed |
Development of a low-cost portable system to measure emissions from flexfuel vehicles |
title_sort |
Development of a low-cost portable system to measure emissions from flexfuel vehicles |
author |
Forcetto, André Luiz Silva |
author_facet |
Forcetto, André Luiz Silva |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Almeida Filho, Flavio Guilherme Vaz de Andrade, Maria de Fatima |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Forcetto, André Luiz Silva |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Atmospheric pollution Emissões veiculares low-cost sensors PEMS PEMS Poluição atmosférica RDE RDE sensores de baixo custo vehicular emissions |
topic |
Atmospheric pollution Emissões veiculares low-cost sensors PEMS PEMS Poluição atmosférica RDE RDE sensores de baixo custo vehicular emissions |
description |
Large urban centers such as the Metropolitan Area of Sao Paulo are subject to the pollution of soil, water, and air, where vehicles are an important source of atmospheric pollutants. In Brazil, the automotive fleet is mainly composed of flexfuel cars, fueled with ethanol as well as gasoline in any proportion. The control of the emissions and measurement of Emission Factors (EF) from vehicles is done by diverse methods, for example, in-tunnel experiments, remote sensing, standardized laboratory tests, and by the real driving emissions (RDE) test, running the vehicle in the roads coupled to a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS). Furthermore, the RDE test was included in the new phases of the PROCONVE (Brazilian Program to Control Air Pollution from Automotive Vehicles) for homologation proposals. However, commercial PEMS are costly, heavy, and hard to be customized, while low-cost sensor technology is becoming even more available and, reliable. Thus, this research had the goal of developing a compact and low-cost PEMS, able to be applied in flexfuel vehicles. The low-cost PEMS was evaluated in vehicular emissions laboratory, reaching coefficients of determination R2 above 0.94 for CO2 and CO and 0.73 for THC. The data from real-world tests performed with the low-cost PEMS were condensed in EF, indicating relevant tendencies for improving mathematic models for pollutant emissions from vehicles. The results, in comparison to the values from standardized laboratory tests, point to an increase above 50% in the emissions at low urban speeds, at high accelerations and vehicle-specific power (VSP) demand, and close to 10 times increment for cold start emission. The most representative EF parameters were the vehicle speed and the VSP, with R2 close to 0.90 for tendency curves expressed by first- and second-degree equations. The final result was a light, small dimensions, liable system, expending only a fraction of the value of a commercial device, and these characteristics could ease future academic research on vehicle emissions, including motorcycles. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-09-22 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-18112022-143633/ |
url |
https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-18112022-143633/ |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Liberar o conteúdo para acesso público. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Liberar o conteúdo para acesso público. |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.coverage.none.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP instname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP) instacron:USP |
instname_str |
Universidade de São Paulo (USP) |
instacron_str |
USP |
institution |
USP |
reponame_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
collection |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP - Universidade de São Paulo (USP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
virginia@if.usp.br|| atendimento@aguia.usp.br||virginia@if.usp.br |
_version_ |
1809090845469573120 |