A conceptual nervous system for the neuropsychological diagnosis
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Contextos Clínicos |
Texto Completo: | https://revistas.unisinos.br/index.php/contextosclinicos/article/view/5485 |
Resumo: | Although tests are an important aspect of the neuropsychological practice, neuropsychology is not limited to nomothetically validated tests. The objective of this paper is to examine, from the perspective of a “conceptual nervous system”, meta-diagnostic aspects of neuropsychology, which go beyond testing. The nomothetic approach to diagnosis is compared to an idiographic one, in which diagnosis is conceived as hypothesis testing according to information processing models. The construction and use of these models is plausible due to the modular organization of the mental system, evidenced by double-dissociations. In this study, the diagnostic process in neuropsychology is examined, particularly the functional and topographic diagnoses. In most cases, the topographic diagnosis is only virtual, and uses the conceptual nervous system to correlate the observed functional deficit to lesional loci established in the literature. The models of information processing must be anatomically specified, since they will be used to establish structural-functional correlations. The human brain-mind can be seen as a computational system, in which cognition is located between perception (input) and action (output). Mental functions are divided into material (content possessing) and formal (organizers of mental processes). Brain lesions with different causes and locations disrupt these mental functions in different ways. The traditional nomothetic model of neuropsychological diagnosis must be complemented by an idiographic approach, testing hypotheses based on a model of structure-function correlation that is adequate to the anatomo-clinical relations observed in the different lesions. Key words: neuropsychology, structural-functional correlation, cognition. |
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A conceptual nervous system for the neuropsychological diagnosisUm sistema nervoso conceitual para o diagnóstico neuropsicológicoAlthough tests are an important aspect of the neuropsychological practice, neuropsychology is not limited to nomothetically validated tests. The objective of this paper is to examine, from the perspective of a “conceptual nervous system”, meta-diagnostic aspects of neuropsychology, which go beyond testing. The nomothetic approach to diagnosis is compared to an idiographic one, in which diagnosis is conceived as hypothesis testing according to information processing models. The construction and use of these models is plausible due to the modular organization of the mental system, evidenced by double-dissociations. In this study, the diagnostic process in neuropsychology is examined, particularly the functional and topographic diagnoses. In most cases, the topographic diagnosis is only virtual, and uses the conceptual nervous system to correlate the observed functional deficit to lesional loci established in the literature. The models of information processing must be anatomically specified, since they will be used to establish structural-functional correlations. The human brain-mind can be seen as a computational system, in which cognition is located between perception (input) and action (output). Mental functions are divided into material (content possessing) and formal (organizers of mental processes). Brain lesions with different causes and locations disrupt these mental functions in different ways. The traditional nomothetic model of neuropsychological diagnosis must be complemented by an idiographic approach, testing hypotheses based on a model of structure-function correlation that is adequate to the anatomo-clinical relations observed in the different lesions. Key words: neuropsychology, structural-functional correlation, cognition.Apesar de a aplicação de testes, a partir de uma perspectiva nomotético- nomológica, constituir um aspecto importante da prática neuropsicológica, a neuropsicologia não se resume a esse procedimento. O objetivo deste trabalho é examinar, sob a perspectiva de um “sistema nervoso conceitual”, aspectos metadiagnósticos da neuropsicologia, cujos efeitos ultrapassam o uso de testes normatizados. Ao enfoque nomotético é contraposta a perspectiva idiográfica, na qual o diagnóstico é concebido como teste de hipóteses a partir de modelos de processamento de informação. A construção e o uso desses modelos é plausível devido à organização modular do sistema mental, evidenciada pelas duplas-dissociações. Neste trabalho, são analisados os processos de diagnóstico em neuropsicologia, principalmente o funcional e o topográfico. Na maioria das vezes, o diagnóstico de localização é virtual, e utiliza o sistema nervoso conceitual para relacionar o déficit funcional observado às localizações lesionais estabelecidas na literatura. Os modelos funcionais de processamento de informação devem ser anatomicamente especificados, para que possam ser usados como base para a correlação estrutura-função. O cérebro-mente humano pode ser visto como um sistema computacional; neste, a cognição se localiza entre a percepção (input) e a ação (output). As funções mentais são classificadas como materiais (com conteúdo) e formais (organização dos processos mentais). Lesões encefálicas com diferentes causas e localizações alteram essas funções de formas distintas. O modelo nomotético tradicional de diagnóstico neuropsicológico deve ser complementado por uma abordagem idiográfica, mediante a testagem das hipóteses baseadas num modelo de correlação estrutura-função que seja fiel às relações anátomo-clínicas observadas em diferentes lesões. Palavras-chave: neuropsicologia, correlação estrutura-função, cognição.Unisinos2021-05-30info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://revistas.unisinos.br/index.php/contextosclinicos/article/view/548510.4013/5485Contextos Clínicos; v. 1 n. 2 (2008): Jul-Dez; 125-1381983-3482reponame:Contextos Clínicosinstname:Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS)instacron:Unisinosporhttps://revistas.unisinos.br/index.php/contextosclinicos/article/view/5485/2721Copyright (c) 2021 Contextos Clínicosinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessHaase, Vitor GeraldiChagas, Pedro PinheiroGonzaga, Daniel de MedeirosMata, Fernanda Gomes daSilva, Júlia Beatriz LopesGéo, Lucas AraújoFerreira, Fernanda Oliveira2021-05-30T22:18:41Zoai:ojs2.revistas.unisinos.br:article/5485Revistahttps://revistas.unisinos.br/index.php/contextosclinicosPUBhttps://revistas.unisinos.br/index.php/contextosclinicos/oaidfalcke@unisinos.br||periodicos@unisinos.br1983-34821983-3482opendoar:2021-05-30T22:18:41Contextos Clínicos - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
A conceptual nervous system for the neuropsychological diagnosis Um sistema nervoso conceitual para o diagnóstico neuropsicológico |
title |
A conceptual nervous system for the neuropsychological diagnosis |
spellingShingle |
A conceptual nervous system for the neuropsychological diagnosis Haase, Vitor Geraldi |
title_short |
A conceptual nervous system for the neuropsychological diagnosis |
title_full |
A conceptual nervous system for the neuropsychological diagnosis |
title_fullStr |
A conceptual nervous system for the neuropsychological diagnosis |
title_full_unstemmed |
A conceptual nervous system for the neuropsychological diagnosis |
title_sort |
A conceptual nervous system for the neuropsychological diagnosis |
author |
Haase, Vitor Geraldi |
author_facet |
Haase, Vitor Geraldi Chagas, Pedro Pinheiro Gonzaga, Daniel de Medeiros Mata, Fernanda Gomes da Silva, Júlia Beatriz Lopes Géo, Lucas Araújo Ferreira, Fernanda Oliveira |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Chagas, Pedro Pinheiro Gonzaga, Daniel de Medeiros Mata, Fernanda Gomes da Silva, Júlia Beatriz Lopes Géo, Lucas Araújo Ferreira, Fernanda Oliveira |
author2_role |
author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Haase, Vitor Geraldi Chagas, Pedro Pinheiro Gonzaga, Daniel de Medeiros Mata, Fernanda Gomes da Silva, Júlia Beatriz Lopes Géo, Lucas Araújo Ferreira, Fernanda Oliveira |
description |
Although tests are an important aspect of the neuropsychological practice, neuropsychology is not limited to nomothetically validated tests. The objective of this paper is to examine, from the perspective of a “conceptual nervous system”, meta-diagnostic aspects of neuropsychology, which go beyond testing. The nomothetic approach to diagnosis is compared to an idiographic one, in which diagnosis is conceived as hypothesis testing according to information processing models. The construction and use of these models is plausible due to the modular organization of the mental system, evidenced by double-dissociations. In this study, the diagnostic process in neuropsychology is examined, particularly the functional and topographic diagnoses. In most cases, the topographic diagnosis is only virtual, and uses the conceptual nervous system to correlate the observed functional deficit to lesional loci established in the literature. The models of information processing must be anatomically specified, since they will be used to establish structural-functional correlations. The human brain-mind can be seen as a computational system, in which cognition is located between perception (input) and action (output). Mental functions are divided into material (content possessing) and formal (organizers of mental processes). Brain lesions with different causes and locations disrupt these mental functions in different ways. The traditional nomothetic model of neuropsychological diagnosis must be complemented by an idiographic approach, testing hypotheses based on a model of structure-function correlation that is adequate to the anatomo-clinical relations observed in the different lesions. Key words: neuropsychology, structural-functional correlation, cognition. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-05-30 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://revistas.unisinos.br/index.php/contextosclinicos/article/view/5485 10.4013/5485 |
url |
https://revistas.unisinos.br/index.php/contextosclinicos/article/view/5485 |
identifier_str_mv |
10.4013/5485 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://revistas.unisinos.br/index.php/contextosclinicos/article/view/5485/2721 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2021 Contextos Clínicos info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2021 Contextos Clínicos |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Unisinos |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Unisinos |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Contextos Clínicos; v. 1 n. 2 (2008): Jul-Dez; 125-138 1983-3482 reponame:Contextos Clínicos instname:Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS) instacron:Unisinos |
instname_str |
Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS) |
instacron_str |
Unisinos |
institution |
Unisinos |
reponame_str |
Contextos Clínicos |
collection |
Contextos Clínicos |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Contextos Clínicos - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
dfalcke@unisinos.br||periodicos@unisinos.br |
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1797240151071522816 |