Amorphization of Graphite Flakes in Gray Cast Iron Under Tribological Load
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2018 |
Outros Autores: | , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Materials research (São Carlos. Online) |
Texto Completo: | http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-14392018000400223 |
Resumo: | A gray cast iron disc, which had been submitted to a heavy duty automotive brake test, was examined with energy filtered transmission electron microscopy. A graphite flake in a convenient angular position showed the shear interaction of graphite layers with the iron matrix in nano-scale resolution. Atomic layers of graphite were wedged into the ferritic bulk, allowing the entrance of oxygen and the subsequent formation of magnetite. The exfoliated few-layer graphene batches deformed heavily when forced into the matrix. When Raman spectra from the disc surface, which show distinctive carbonaceous bands, were compared with Raman spectra from graphite subjected to deformation in a shaker mill with different milling times, it could be seen that the shear stress on the brake surface was much more effective to induce disorder than the milling, where compressive and impact forces had been additionally exerted on the sample. During shear load the high anisotropy of elastic modulus in the graphite crystalline structure and the low adhesion between graphite basal planes allowed the exfoliation of wrinkled few-layer grapheme batches, causing the formation of more defect related Raman bands than the mechanical stress during high-energy milling. |
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Materials research (São Carlos. Online) |
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Amorphization of Graphite Flakes in Gray Cast Iron Under Tribological LoadGraphiteShear loadAmorphizationEFTEMRaman spectroscopyA gray cast iron disc, which had been submitted to a heavy duty automotive brake test, was examined with energy filtered transmission electron microscopy. A graphite flake in a convenient angular position showed the shear interaction of graphite layers with the iron matrix in nano-scale resolution. Atomic layers of graphite were wedged into the ferritic bulk, allowing the entrance of oxygen and the subsequent formation of magnetite. The exfoliated few-layer graphene batches deformed heavily when forced into the matrix. When Raman spectra from the disc surface, which show distinctive carbonaceous bands, were compared with Raman spectra from graphite subjected to deformation in a shaker mill with different milling times, it could be seen that the shear stress on the brake surface was much more effective to induce disorder than the milling, where compressive and impact forces had been additionally exerted on the sample. During shear load the high anisotropy of elastic modulus in the graphite crystalline structure and the low adhesion between graphite basal planes allowed the exfoliation of wrinkled few-layer grapheme batches, causing the formation of more defect related Raman bands than the mechanical stress during high-energy milling.ABM, ABC, ABPol2018-01-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontext/htmlhttp://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-14392018000400223Materials Research v.21 n.4 2018reponame:Materials research (São Carlos. Online)instname:Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR)instacron:ABM ABC ABPOL10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2017-1000info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessHinrichs,RuthVasconcellos,Marcos Antonio ZenÖsterle,WernerPrietzel,Claudiaeng2018-05-24T00:00:00Zoai:scielo:S1516-14392018000400223Revistahttp://www.scielo.br/mrPUBhttps://old.scielo.br/oai/scielo-oai.phpdedz@power.ufscar.br1980-53731516-1439opendoar:2018-05-24T00:00Materials research (São Carlos. Online) - Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Amorphization of Graphite Flakes in Gray Cast Iron Under Tribological Load |
title |
Amorphization of Graphite Flakes in Gray Cast Iron Under Tribological Load |
spellingShingle |
Amorphization of Graphite Flakes in Gray Cast Iron Under Tribological Load Hinrichs,Ruth Graphite Shear load Amorphization EFTEM Raman spectroscopy |
title_short |
Amorphization of Graphite Flakes in Gray Cast Iron Under Tribological Load |
title_full |
Amorphization of Graphite Flakes in Gray Cast Iron Under Tribological Load |
title_fullStr |
Amorphization of Graphite Flakes in Gray Cast Iron Under Tribological Load |
title_full_unstemmed |
Amorphization of Graphite Flakes in Gray Cast Iron Under Tribological Load |
title_sort |
Amorphization of Graphite Flakes in Gray Cast Iron Under Tribological Load |
author |
Hinrichs,Ruth |
author_facet |
Hinrichs,Ruth Vasconcellos,Marcos Antonio Zen Österle,Werner Prietzel,Claudia |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Vasconcellos,Marcos Antonio Zen Österle,Werner Prietzel,Claudia |
author2_role |
author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Hinrichs,Ruth Vasconcellos,Marcos Antonio Zen Österle,Werner Prietzel,Claudia |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Graphite Shear load Amorphization EFTEM Raman spectroscopy |
topic |
Graphite Shear load Amorphization EFTEM Raman spectroscopy |
description |
A gray cast iron disc, which had been submitted to a heavy duty automotive brake test, was examined with energy filtered transmission electron microscopy. A graphite flake in a convenient angular position showed the shear interaction of graphite layers with the iron matrix in nano-scale resolution. Atomic layers of graphite were wedged into the ferritic bulk, allowing the entrance of oxygen and the subsequent formation of magnetite. The exfoliated few-layer graphene batches deformed heavily when forced into the matrix. When Raman spectra from the disc surface, which show distinctive carbonaceous bands, were compared with Raman spectra from graphite subjected to deformation in a shaker mill with different milling times, it could be seen that the shear stress on the brake surface was much more effective to induce disorder than the milling, where compressive and impact forces had been additionally exerted on the sample. During shear load the high anisotropy of elastic modulus in the graphite crystalline structure and the low adhesion between graphite basal planes allowed the exfoliation of wrinkled few-layer grapheme batches, causing the formation of more defect related Raman bands than the mechanical stress during high-energy milling. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2018-01-01 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-14392018000400223 |
url |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-14392018000400223 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2017-1000 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
text/html |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
ABM, ABC, ABPol |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
ABM, ABC, ABPol |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Materials Research v.21 n.4 2018 reponame:Materials research (São Carlos. Online) instname:Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR) instacron:ABM ABC ABPOL |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR) |
instacron_str |
ABM ABC ABPOL |
institution |
ABM ABC ABPOL |
reponame_str |
Materials research (São Carlos. Online) |
collection |
Materials research (São Carlos. Online) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Materials research (São Carlos. Online) - Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
dedz@power.ufscar.br |
_version_ |
1754212672759398400 |