Botulinum toxin: mechanisms of action

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Dressler,Dirk
Data de Publicação: 2005
Outros Autores: Saberi,Fereshte Adib, Barbosa,Egberto Reis
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria (Online)
Texto Completo: http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-282X2005000100035
Resumo: This review describes therapeutically relevant mechanisms of action of botulinum toxin (BT). BT's molecular mode of action includes extracellular binding to glycoproteine structures on cholinergic nerve terminals and intracellular blockade of the acetylcholine secretion. BT affects the spinal stretch reflex by blockade of intrafusal muscle fibres with consecutive reduction of Ia/II afferent signals and muscle tone without affecting muscle strength (reflex inhibition). This mechanism allows for antidystonic effects not only caused by target muscle paresis. BT also blocks efferent autonomic fibres to smooth muscles and to exocrine glands. Direct central nervous system effects are not observed, since BT does not cross the blood-brain-barrier and since it is inactivated during its retrograde axonal transport. Indirect central nervous system effects include reflex inhibition, normalisation of reciprocal inhibition, intracortical inhibition and somatosensory evoked potentials. Reduction of formalin-induced pain suggests direct analgesic BT effects possibly mediated through blockade of substance P, glutamate and calcitonin gene related peptide.
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spelling Botulinum toxin: mechanisms of actionbotulinum toxinmechanisms of actionacetylcholinemuscle spindlesstretch reflexsmooth musclesexocrine glandsretrograde axonal transportblood-brain-barriersubstance PThis review describes therapeutically relevant mechanisms of action of botulinum toxin (BT). BT's molecular mode of action includes extracellular binding to glycoproteine structures on cholinergic nerve terminals and intracellular blockade of the acetylcholine secretion. BT affects the spinal stretch reflex by blockade of intrafusal muscle fibres with consecutive reduction of Ia/II afferent signals and muscle tone without affecting muscle strength (reflex inhibition). This mechanism allows for antidystonic effects not only caused by target muscle paresis. BT also blocks efferent autonomic fibres to smooth muscles and to exocrine glands. Direct central nervous system effects are not observed, since BT does not cross the blood-brain-barrier and since it is inactivated during its retrograde axonal transport. Indirect central nervous system effects include reflex inhibition, normalisation of reciprocal inhibition, intracortical inhibition and somatosensory evoked potentials. Reduction of formalin-induced pain suggests direct analgesic BT effects possibly mediated through blockade of substance P, glutamate and calcitonin gene related peptide.Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO2005-03-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontext/htmlhttp://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-282X2005000100035Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria v.63 n.1 2005reponame:Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria (Online)instname:Academia Brasileira de Neurologiainstacron:ABNEURO10.1590/S0004-282X2005000100035info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessDressler,DirkSaberi,Fereshte AdibBarbosa,Egberto Reiseng2005-04-13T00:00:00Zoai:scielo:S0004-282X2005000100035Revistahttp://www.scielo.br/anphttps://old.scielo.br/oai/scielo-oai.php||revista.arquivos@abneuro.org1678-42270004-282Xopendoar:2005-04-13T00:00Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria (Online) - Academia Brasileira de Neurologiafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Botulinum toxin: mechanisms of action
title Botulinum toxin: mechanisms of action
spellingShingle Botulinum toxin: mechanisms of action
Dressler,Dirk
botulinum toxin
mechanisms of action
acetylcholine
muscle spindles
stretch reflex
smooth muscles
exocrine glands
retrograde axonal transport
blood-brain-barrier
substance P
title_short Botulinum toxin: mechanisms of action
title_full Botulinum toxin: mechanisms of action
title_fullStr Botulinum toxin: mechanisms of action
title_full_unstemmed Botulinum toxin: mechanisms of action
title_sort Botulinum toxin: mechanisms of action
author Dressler,Dirk
author_facet Dressler,Dirk
Saberi,Fereshte Adib
Barbosa,Egberto Reis
author_role author
author2 Saberi,Fereshte Adib
Barbosa,Egberto Reis
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Dressler,Dirk
Saberi,Fereshte Adib
Barbosa,Egberto Reis
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv botulinum toxin
mechanisms of action
acetylcholine
muscle spindles
stretch reflex
smooth muscles
exocrine glands
retrograde axonal transport
blood-brain-barrier
substance P
topic botulinum toxin
mechanisms of action
acetylcholine
muscle spindles
stretch reflex
smooth muscles
exocrine glands
retrograde axonal transport
blood-brain-barrier
substance P
description This review describes therapeutically relevant mechanisms of action of botulinum toxin (BT). BT's molecular mode of action includes extracellular binding to glycoproteine structures on cholinergic nerve terminals and intracellular blockade of the acetylcholine secretion. BT affects the spinal stretch reflex by blockade of intrafusal muscle fibres with consecutive reduction of Ia/II afferent signals and muscle tone without affecting muscle strength (reflex inhibition). This mechanism allows for antidystonic effects not only caused by target muscle paresis. BT also blocks efferent autonomic fibres to smooth muscles and to exocrine glands. Direct central nervous system effects are not observed, since BT does not cross the blood-brain-barrier and since it is inactivated during its retrograde axonal transport. Indirect central nervous system effects include reflex inhibition, normalisation of reciprocal inhibition, intracortical inhibition and somatosensory evoked potentials. Reduction of formalin-induced pain suggests direct analgesic BT effects possibly mediated through blockade of substance P, glutamate and calcitonin gene related peptide.
publishDate 2005
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2005-03-01
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-282X2005000100035
url http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-282X2005000100035
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv 10.1590/S0004-282X2005000100035
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv text/html
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria v.63 n.1 2005
reponame:Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria (Online)
instname:Academia Brasileira de Neurologia
instacron:ABNEURO
instname_str Academia Brasileira de Neurologia
instacron_str ABNEURO
institution ABNEURO
reponame_str Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria (Online)
collection Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria (Online)
repository.name.fl_str_mv Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria (Online) - Academia Brasileira de Neurologia
repository.mail.fl_str_mv ||revista.arquivos@abneuro.org
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