Acidentes com perfurocortantes em acadêmicos de medicina

• Autor(a) principal: Zani, Anderson Cesar
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Outros Autores: Ferreira, Caroline Kaminski, Drugovich, Estela, Lopes, Fernanda Roseira
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório do Centro Universitário Braz Cubas
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.cruzeirodosul.edu.br/handle/123456789/3679
• topic: Medicina; Acidentes Perfuro-Cortantes; Acadêmicos; Biossegurança; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::MEDICINA

Occupational accidents caused by potentially contaminated sharp instruments (APFC) with exposure to biological materials are frequent among health professionals. The estimate is that every year in Brazil, there are about 17 new APFC per 1000 professionals. Literature indicates that medical students are one of the groups that most report this type of accident. The present study assessed the APFC in medical students aiming at identifying the degree of knowledge of the post-exposition protocol of treatment, published in 2009 by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, the leading causes attributed to these accidents, the rate of underreporting accidents, and the vaccine coverage of hepatitis B and anti-tetanus among medical students. A cross-sectional study was carried out from September to November 2020 as an anonymous online form (Google Forms platform). The target audience was the medical students from Brazilian institutions from any period of time within the medical school program. A total of 724 valid responses were received. About 22% of the medical students, who have already done an internship, have suffered APFC exposure to biological materials. APFC occurred more frequently during the last two years of medical education (p<0.0001) among medical students who did an internship (p<0.0001) and belong to a public Higher Education Institution (HEI) (p=0.036). Also, it was observed a significant underreporting rate of 60%. Among the leading causes attributed to the APFC, "lack of experience", followed by "lack of training", stand out. As to vaccination coverage, a rate of over 90% vaccines against hepatitis B was observed, with a seroconversion rate of 76% among those who confirmed it by immunological tests. As for tetanus and diphtheria, vaccine coverage of more than 90% was observed. As to the medical student’s knowledge assessment to the post-exposure protocol, only 8% of students answered all questions correctly (p=0.0002). An important prevalence of APFC, as well as its underreporting, has been observed among medical students, with a “lack of experience” being the main cause attributed to the occurrence of accidents. It is vital that universities perform the analysis of seroconversion, not only the vaccination requirement against hepatitis B. In addition, the degree of knowledge of medical students about the APFC protocol is below what is desired. Therefore, continuing education with regards to the protocol is required and highly suggested.