Nipah Virus: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Epidemiological and Clinical Profile

• Autor(a) principal: Salviano, Francisco Wallace Bezerra
• Data de Publicação: 2023
• Outros Autores: Vieira, João Emanuel Braga Amaro, Lima, Bianka Nascimento, Grangeiro, Argemiro Érick Landim, Dias, Andressa de Melo, Sampaio, Isis Filgueira, Duarte, Hannah Shelly Maciel, Lima, Maísa Gomes de, Vieira, Ítalo Santana, Lopes e Silva, Metton Ribeiro, Silva, Cláudio Gleidiston Lima da, Santos, Maria do Socorro Vieira dos
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences
• Texto Completo: https://bjihs.emnuvens.com.br/bjihs/article/view/870
• topic: Vírus Nipah; Infecções por Henipavirus; Zoonoses Virais; Saúde Única; Nipah Virus; Henipavirus Infections; Viral Zoonoses; One Health

Introduction: Among the diseases posing a serious threat to public health, those originating from viral agents assume significant importance. The Nipah virus (NiV), belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, was documented in Malaysia during the period of 1998-1999. Due to its notable lethality in humans, its zoonotic nature, potential for interpersonal transmission, and the absence of a readily available vaccine, the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified it as a global health issue. Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of understanding regarding Nipah Virus infection, offering a theoretical foundation for subsequent clinical investigations and interventions. Methodology: The methodology involved a descriptive search of articles from four electronic databases (PubMed, BVS, SCIELO, and Scopus), where selected articles were synthesized, providing a thorough literature review. Results and Discussion: Depending on the strain's specificity, Nipah Virus (NiV) infection manifests with neurological symptoms and severe respiratory disturbances. In confirmed cases of NiV epidemics, the presence of the virus in humans is often correlated with various animal species, with bats of the Pteropus species commonly considered primary reservoirs and natural vectors of NiV. Human transmission occurs through the consumption of contaminated food, contact with animals, and direct interpersonal interaction. Additionally, due to the lack of vaccines and drugs with established efficacy against NiV, the therapeutic approach for patients is limited to supportive measures and prophylactic intervention. Conclusion: The Nipah Virus (NiV) poses a potential threat for spread among human populations and livestock in a specific geographic region. Therefore, the foundations for managing this disease lie in implementing biosafety practices, including proper management of reservoirs and intermediate/amplifying hosts, and in the development of potential therapeutic measures.