Vaccination coverage and anti-vaccine movement: the impact on public health in Brazil

• Autor(a) principal: Ramos, Ana Carolina Lima da Conceição
• Data de Publicação: 2023
• Outros Autores: Pacheco, Beatriz de Almeida Barreto, Sousa, Jennifer Emily Anunciação, Petrilli, Jessica Dias, Costa, Gustavo Nunes de Oliveira
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Revista Baiana de Saúde Pública (Online)
• Texto Completo: https://rbsp.sesab.ba.gov.br/index.php/rbsp/article/view/3831
• topic: Movimento antivacina; Cobertura vacinal; Saúde pública; Recusa vacinal; Movimiento antivacuna; Cobertura de vacunación; Salud pública; Rechazo de la vacuna; Anti-vaccine movement; Vaccination coverage; Public health; Vaccine refuse

The vaccine is one of the main methods of preventing diseases. Since 1973, Brazil created the National Immunization Program to ensure free immunization to the population, which later made the country a world reference in vaccination. However, vaccine refusal is still a great public health issue, and the anti-vaccine movement stand out in this reality. Thus, the purpose of this article is to evaluate how the anti-vaccine movement affects public health in Brazil with vaccination coverage reduction. This is a mixed methodology study, with first a qualitative step, composed of an integrative review in the platforms PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO, in the period from 2010 to 2020,and a documental research in portals of anti-vaccination movements; and a second quantitative step, where an epidemiological study of the ecological type was carried out, with consultation in the electronic databases of DATASUS and in the Information System of the National Immunization Program (SI-PNI) in the period of 2010 to 2022. In the investigative period, only in 2015 Brazil managed to reach the recommended vaccination coverage goal, unlike in the following years, which showed worrying fluctuations. The publications summarize arguments used by the anti-vaccination groups, evidenced between 2015 and 2019, a period in which the vaccination coverage data fluctuated. Therefore, it is clear that the rise of the anti-vaccination movement is a factor that influenced the drop in vaccination numbers in Brazil, with yellow fever and measles as examples.