Etiology of the Hypopharynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma

• Autor(a) principal: Dedivitis, Rogério A.
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia (Online)
• Texto Completo: https://rbc.inca.gov.br/index.php/revista/article/view/3418
• topic: Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas/etiologia; Prognóstico; Carcinogênese; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/etiology; Prognosis; Carcinogenesis

Carcinogenesis is the change on the cell growth control due to a prolonged exposition to any agent with mutagenic potential Smoking is an important factor for pharyngeal cancer, specially when associated to alcohol use. Some nutritional factors are also related, such as in Plummer-Vinson syndrome, in which there is iron deficience. Nevertheless, there are people with no exposition to these factors who develop cancer. So it means that individual host factors must be considered. Males and people in the sixth and seventh decades present a higher incidence of pharyngeal cancer. Exposure to some inhalant substances is considered na element of risk. Previous tumor, radiation therapy exposure, contact with human Papilomavirus, and less frequently Epstein-Barr virus are also mentioned. The occurrence of family cases is an indicator of the role of genetics. The oncogens activation and supressor genes inactivation are strongly suggested as important components. Both have been associated to a worse prognosis of the tumor and have been considered as efficient tumor markers. Nowadays, the genetic componente and the cell nuclear changes induced by externai factors are being strongly correlated to carcinogenesis in carcinoma of hypopharynx.