Structural, physiognomic and above-ground biomass variation in savanna-forest transition zones on three continents - How different are co-occurring savanna and forest formations?
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2015 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional do INPA |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/14914 |
Resumo: | Through interpretations of remote-sensing data and/or theoretical propositions, the idea that forest and savanna represent "alternative stable states" is gaining increasing acceptance. Filling an observational gap, we present detailed stratified floristic and structural analyses for forest and savanna stands located mostly within zones of transition (where both vegetation types occur in close proximity) in Africa, South America and Australia. Woody plant leaf area index variation was related to tree canopy cover in a similar way for both savanna and forest with substantial overlap between the two vegetation types. As total woody plant canopy cover increased, so did the relative contribution of middle and lower strata of woody vegetation. Herbaceous layer cover declined as woody cover increased. This pattern of understorey grasses and herbs progressively replaced by shrubs as the canopy closes over was found for both savanna and forests and on all continents. Thus, once subordinate woody canopy layers are taken into account, a less marked transition in woody plant cover across the savanna-forest-species discontinuum is observed compared to that inferred when trees of a basal diameter > 0.1 m are considered in isolation. This is especially the case for shrub-dominated savannas and in taller savannas approaching canopy closure. An increased contribution of forest species to the total subordinate cover is also observed as savanna stand canopy closure occurs. Despite similarities in canopy-cover characteristics, woody vegetation in Africa and Australia attained greater heights and stored a greater amount of above-ground biomass than in South America. Up to three times as much above-ground biomass is stored in forests compared to savannas under equivalent climatic conditions. Savanna-forest transition zones were also found to typically occur at higher precipitation regimes for South America than for Africa. Nevertheless, consistent across all three continents coexistence was found to be confined to a well-defined edaphic-climate envelope with soil and climate the key determinants of the relative location of forest and savanna stands. Moreover, when considered in conjunction with the appropriate water availability metrics, it emerges that soil exchangeable cations exert considerable control on woody canopy-cover extent as measured in our pan-continental (forest + savanna) data set. Taken together these observations do not lend support to the notion of alternate stable states mediated through fire feedbacks as the prime force shaping the distribution of the two dominant vegetation types of the tropical lands. © Author(s) 2015. |
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Veenendaal, Elmar M.Torello-Raventos, MireiaFeldpausch, Ted R.null, TomasGerard, France F.Schrodt, FranziskaSaiz, GustavoQuesada, Carlos AlbertoDjagbletey, Gloria DjaneyFord, Andrew J.Kemp, Jeanette E.Marimon, Beatriz SchwantesMarimon Júnior, Ben HurLenza, EddieRatter, James AlexanderMaracahipes, LeandroSasaki, DeniseSonké, BonaventureZapfack, LouisVillarroel, DanielSchwarz, MichaelYoko Ishida, F.Gilpin, MartinNardoto, G. B.Affum-Baffoe, KofiArroyo, Luzmila P.Bloomfield, Keith J.Ceca, G.Compaoré, HalidouDavies, KaluDiallo, AdamaFyllas, Nikolaos M.Gignoux, JacquesHien, FidèleJohnson, Michelle O.Mougin, ÉricHiernaux, Pierre H.Y.Killeen, Timothy J.Metcalfe, Daniel J.Miranda, Heloísa SinátoraSteininger, Marc K.S?kora, Karlè V.Bird, Michael I.Grace, JohnLewis, Simon L.Phillips, Oliver L.Lloyd, Jon2020-05-07T13:47:23Z2020-05-07T13:47:23Z2015https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/1491410.5194/bg-12-2927-2015Through interpretations of remote-sensing data and/or theoretical propositions, the idea that forest and savanna represent "alternative stable states" is gaining increasing acceptance. Filling an observational gap, we present detailed stratified floristic and structural analyses for forest and savanna stands located mostly within zones of transition (where both vegetation types occur in close proximity) in Africa, South America and Australia. Woody plant leaf area index variation was related to tree canopy cover in a similar way for both savanna and forest with substantial overlap between the two vegetation types. As total woody plant canopy cover increased, so did the relative contribution of middle and lower strata of woody vegetation. Herbaceous layer cover declined as woody cover increased. This pattern of understorey grasses and herbs progressively replaced by shrubs as the canopy closes over was found for both savanna and forests and on all continents. Thus, once subordinate woody canopy layers are taken into account, a less marked transition in woody plant cover across the savanna-forest-species discontinuum is observed compared to that inferred when trees of a basal diameter > 0.1 m are considered in isolation. This is especially the case for shrub-dominated savannas and in taller savannas approaching canopy closure. An increased contribution of forest species to the total subordinate cover is also observed as savanna stand canopy closure occurs. Despite similarities in canopy-cover characteristics, woody vegetation in Africa and Australia attained greater heights and stored a greater amount of above-ground biomass than in South America. Up to three times as much above-ground biomass is stored in forests compared to savannas under equivalent climatic conditions. Savanna-forest transition zones were also found to typically occur at higher precipitation regimes for South America than for Africa. Nevertheless, consistent across all three continents coexistence was found to be confined to a well-defined edaphic-climate envelope with soil and climate the key determinants of the relative location of forest and savanna stands. Moreover, when considered in conjunction with the appropriate water availability metrics, it emerges that soil exchangeable cations exert considerable control on woody canopy-cover extent as measured in our pan-continental (forest + savanna) data set. Taken together these observations do not lend support to the notion of alternate stable states mediated through fire feedbacks as the prime force shaping the distribution of the two dominant vegetation types of the tropical lands. © Author(s) 2015.Volume 12, Número 10, Pags. 2927-2951Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAboveground BiomassClimate EffectCoexistenceFloristicsForest CanopyGrassHerbLeaf Area IndexRemote SensingSavannaTransition ZoneUnderstoryVegetation TypeWoody PlantAfricaAustraliaSouth AmericaPoaceaeStructural, physiognomic and above-ground biomass variation in savanna-forest transition zones on three continents - How different are co-occurring savanna and forest formations?info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleBiogeosciencesengreponame:Repositório Institucional do INPAinstname:Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)instacron:INPAORIGINALartigo-inpa.pdfapplication/pdf2196594https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/bitstream/1/14914/1/artigo-inpa.pdfe3393995847721c97c357045c1501dd3MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdfapplication/octet-stream914https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/bitstream/1/14914/2/license_rdf4d2950bda3d176f570a9f8b328dfbbefMD521/149142020-07-14 10:28:44.613oai:repositorio:1/14914Repositório de PublicaçõesPUBhttps://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/oai/requestopendoar:2020-07-14T14:28:44Repositório Institucional do INPA - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)false |
dc.title.en.fl_str_mv |
Structural, physiognomic and above-ground biomass variation in savanna-forest transition zones on three continents - How different are co-occurring savanna and forest formations? |
title |
Structural, physiognomic and above-ground biomass variation in savanna-forest transition zones on three continents - How different are co-occurring savanna and forest formations? |
spellingShingle |
Structural, physiognomic and above-ground biomass variation in savanna-forest transition zones on three continents - How different are co-occurring savanna and forest formations? Veenendaal, Elmar M. Aboveground Biomass Climate Effect Coexistence Floristics Forest Canopy Grass Herb Leaf Area Index Remote Sensing Savanna Transition Zone Understory Vegetation Type Woody Plant Africa Australia South America Poaceae |
title_short |
Structural, physiognomic and above-ground biomass variation in savanna-forest transition zones on three continents - How different are co-occurring savanna and forest formations? |
title_full |
Structural, physiognomic and above-ground biomass variation in savanna-forest transition zones on three continents - How different are co-occurring savanna and forest formations? |
title_fullStr |
Structural, physiognomic and above-ground biomass variation in savanna-forest transition zones on three continents - How different are co-occurring savanna and forest formations? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Structural, physiognomic and above-ground biomass variation in savanna-forest transition zones on three continents - How different are co-occurring savanna and forest formations? |
title_sort |
Structural, physiognomic and above-ground biomass variation in savanna-forest transition zones on three continents - How different are co-occurring savanna and forest formations? |
author |
Veenendaal, Elmar M. |
author_facet |
Veenendaal, Elmar M. Torello-Raventos, Mireia Feldpausch, Ted R. null, Tomas Gerard, France F. Schrodt, Franziska Saiz, Gustavo Quesada, Carlos Alberto Djagbletey, Gloria Djaney Ford, Andrew J. Kemp, Jeanette E. Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon Júnior, Ben Hur Lenza, Eddie Ratter, James Alexander Maracahipes, Leandro Sasaki, Denise Sonké, Bonaventure Zapfack, Louis Villarroel, Daniel Schwarz, Michael Yoko Ishida, F. Gilpin, Martin Nardoto, G. B. Affum-Baffoe, Kofi Arroyo, Luzmila P. Bloomfield, Keith J. Ceca, G. Compaoré, Halidou Davies, Kalu Diallo, Adama Fyllas, Nikolaos M. Gignoux, Jacques Hien, Fidèle Johnson, Michelle O. Mougin, Éric Hiernaux, Pierre H.Y. Killeen, Timothy J. Metcalfe, Daniel J. Miranda, Heloísa Sinátora Steininger, Marc K. S?kora, Karlè V. Bird, Michael I. Grace, John Lewis, Simon L. Phillips, Oliver L. Lloyd, Jon |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Torello-Raventos, Mireia Feldpausch, Ted R. null, Tomas Gerard, France F. Schrodt, Franziska Saiz, Gustavo Quesada, Carlos Alberto Djagbletey, Gloria Djaney Ford, Andrew J. Kemp, Jeanette E. Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon Júnior, Ben Hur Lenza, Eddie Ratter, James Alexander Maracahipes, Leandro Sasaki, Denise Sonké, Bonaventure Zapfack, Louis Villarroel, Daniel Schwarz, Michael Yoko Ishida, F. Gilpin, Martin Nardoto, G. B. Affum-Baffoe, Kofi Arroyo, Luzmila P. Bloomfield, Keith J. Ceca, G. Compaoré, Halidou Davies, Kalu Diallo, Adama Fyllas, Nikolaos M. Gignoux, Jacques Hien, Fidèle Johnson, Michelle O. Mougin, Éric Hiernaux, Pierre H.Y. Killeen, Timothy J. Metcalfe, Daniel J. Miranda, Heloísa Sinátora Steininger, Marc K. S?kora, Karlè V. Bird, Michael I. Grace, John Lewis, Simon L. Phillips, Oliver L. Lloyd, Jon |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Veenendaal, Elmar M. Torello-Raventos, Mireia Feldpausch, Ted R. null, Tomas Gerard, France F. Schrodt, Franziska Saiz, Gustavo Quesada, Carlos Alberto Djagbletey, Gloria Djaney Ford, Andrew J. Kemp, Jeanette E. Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon Júnior, Ben Hur Lenza, Eddie Ratter, James Alexander Maracahipes, Leandro Sasaki, Denise Sonké, Bonaventure Zapfack, Louis Villarroel, Daniel Schwarz, Michael Yoko Ishida, F. Gilpin, Martin Nardoto, G. B. Affum-Baffoe, Kofi Arroyo, Luzmila P. Bloomfield, Keith J. Ceca, G. Compaoré, Halidou Davies, Kalu Diallo, Adama Fyllas, Nikolaos M. Gignoux, Jacques Hien, Fidèle Johnson, Michelle O. Mougin, Éric Hiernaux, Pierre H.Y. Killeen, Timothy J. Metcalfe, Daniel J. Miranda, Heloísa Sinátora Steininger, Marc K. S?kora, Karlè V. Bird, Michael I. Grace, John Lewis, Simon L. Phillips, Oliver L. Lloyd, Jon |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Aboveground Biomass Climate Effect Coexistence Floristics Forest Canopy Grass Herb Leaf Area Index Remote Sensing Savanna Transition Zone Understory Vegetation Type Woody Plant Africa Australia South America Poaceae |
topic |
Aboveground Biomass Climate Effect Coexistence Floristics Forest Canopy Grass Herb Leaf Area Index Remote Sensing Savanna Transition Zone Understory Vegetation Type Woody Plant Africa Australia South America Poaceae |
description |
Through interpretations of remote-sensing data and/or theoretical propositions, the idea that forest and savanna represent "alternative stable states" is gaining increasing acceptance. Filling an observational gap, we present detailed stratified floristic and structural analyses for forest and savanna stands located mostly within zones of transition (where both vegetation types occur in close proximity) in Africa, South America and Australia. Woody plant leaf area index variation was related to tree canopy cover in a similar way for both savanna and forest with substantial overlap between the two vegetation types. As total woody plant canopy cover increased, so did the relative contribution of middle and lower strata of woody vegetation. Herbaceous layer cover declined as woody cover increased. This pattern of understorey grasses and herbs progressively replaced by shrubs as the canopy closes over was found for both savanna and forests and on all continents. Thus, once subordinate woody canopy layers are taken into account, a less marked transition in woody plant cover across the savanna-forest-species discontinuum is observed compared to that inferred when trees of a basal diameter > 0.1 m are considered in isolation. This is especially the case for shrub-dominated savannas and in taller savannas approaching canopy closure. An increased contribution of forest species to the total subordinate cover is also observed as savanna stand canopy closure occurs. Despite similarities in canopy-cover characteristics, woody vegetation in Africa and Australia attained greater heights and stored a greater amount of above-ground biomass than in South America. Up to three times as much above-ground biomass is stored in forests compared to savannas under equivalent climatic conditions. Savanna-forest transition zones were also found to typically occur at higher precipitation regimes for South America than for Africa. Nevertheless, consistent across all three continents coexistence was found to be confined to a well-defined edaphic-climate envelope with soil and climate the key determinants of the relative location of forest and savanna stands. Moreover, when considered in conjunction with the appropriate water availability metrics, it emerges that soil exchangeable cations exert considerable control on woody canopy-cover extent as measured in our pan-continental (forest + savanna) data set. Taken together these observations do not lend support to the notion of alternate stable states mediated through fire feedbacks as the prime force shaping the distribution of the two dominant vegetation types of the tropical lands. © Author(s) 2015. |
publishDate |
2015 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2015 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2020-05-07T13:47:23Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2020-05-07T13:47:23Z |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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article |
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publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/14914 |
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10.5194/bg-12-2927-2015 |
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https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/14914 |
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10.5194/bg-12-2927-2015 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
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eng |
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Volume 12, Número 10, Pags. 2927-2951 |
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ |
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openAccess |
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Biogeosciences |
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Biogeosciences |
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