The international trade in wild animals skins from the Brazilian Amazon in the 20th Century

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Antunes, André Pinassi
Data de Publicação: 2014
Outros Autores: Shepard, Glenn Harvey, Venticinque, Eduardo Martins
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional do INPA
Texto Completo: https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/15998
Resumo: Throughout the 20th century, an international trade in animal hides resulted in the slaughter of millions of mammals and reptiles in the Amazon. Animal hides were purchased from extractivists through a network of traveling river merchants in a regime of debt peonage known as aviamento, carried from trade posts in the hinterlands to warehouses in Manaus and Belém, and then exported to the United States, Europe and southern Brazil. Here we analyze previously unpublished shipping invoices from the famous merchant empire of J. G. Araujo as well as public port registries and commercial statistics from Manaus (Manáos Harbour Ltd., Associação Comercial do Amazonas). The international trade in Amazonian animal hides intensified immediately after the 1912 crash in rubber prices and spiked between 1935 and 1946, with a peak during World War II. The second spike occurred in the 1960s, mainly after the passage of Brazil's 1967 "Wild Animal Protection Law" intended to halt this trade. Throughout the period leading up to the adoption of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) in 1973-1975, there was no significant depreciation in the price or international demand for animal skins, suggesting constant and intense hunting effort for nearly half a century.
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spelling Antunes, André PinassiShepard, Glenn HarveyVenticinque, Eduardo Martins2020-05-21T21:37:10Z2020-05-21T21:37:10Z2014https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/1599810.1590/1981-81222014000200013Throughout the 20th century, an international trade in animal hides resulted in the slaughter of millions of mammals and reptiles in the Amazon. Animal hides were purchased from extractivists through a network of traveling river merchants in a regime of debt peonage known as aviamento, carried from trade posts in the hinterlands to warehouses in Manaus and Belém, and then exported to the United States, Europe and southern Brazil. Here we analyze previously unpublished shipping invoices from the famous merchant empire of J. G. Araujo as well as public port registries and commercial statistics from Manaus (Manáos Harbour Ltd., Associação Comercial do Amazonas). The international trade in Amazonian animal hides intensified immediately after the 1912 crash in rubber prices and spiked between 1935 and 1946, with a peak during World War II. The second spike occurred in the 1960s, mainly after the passage of Brazil's 1967 "Wild Animal Protection Law" intended to halt this trade. Throughout the period leading up to the adoption of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) in 1973-1975, there was no significant depreciation in the price or international demand for animal skins, suggesting constant and intense hunting effort for nearly half a century.Volume 9, Número 2, Pags. 487-518Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessThe international trade in wild animals skins from the Brazilian Amazon in the 20th CenturyO comércio internacional de peles silvestres na Amazônia brasileira no século XXinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleBoletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi:Ciencias Humanasporreponame:Repositório Institucional do INPAinstname:Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)instacron:INPAORIGINALcomércio.pdfcomércio.pdfapplication/pdf7201521https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/bitstream/1/15998/1/com%c3%a9rcio.pdf39c905ab8bed00767ff97ceaea61dcb9MD511/159982020-05-28 16:26:06.238oai:repositorio:1/15998Repositório de PublicaçõesPUBhttps://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/oai/requestopendoar:2020-05-28T20:26:06Repositório Institucional do INPA - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)false
dc.title.en.fl_str_mv The international trade in wild animals skins from the Brazilian Amazon in the 20th Century
dc.title.alternative.pt_BR.fl_str_mv O comércio internacional de peles silvestres na Amazônia brasileira no século XX
title The international trade in wild animals skins from the Brazilian Amazon in the 20th Century
spellingShingle The international trade in wild animals skins from the Brazilian Amazon in the 20th Century
Antunes, André Pinassi
title_short The international trade in wild animals skins from the Brazilian Amazon in the 20th Century
title_full The international trade in wild animals skins from the Brazilian Amazon in the 20th Century
title_fullStr The international trade in wild animals skins from the Brazilian Amazon in the 20th Century
title_full_unstemmed The international trade in wild animals skins from the Brazilian Amazon in the 20th Century
title_sort The international trade in wild animals skins from the Brazilian Amazon in the 20th Century
author Antunes, André Pinassi
author_facet Antunes, André Pinassi
Shepard, Glenn Harvey
Venticinque, Eduardo Martins
author_role author
author2 Shepard, Glenn Harvey
Venticinque, Eduardo Martins
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Antunes, André Pinassi
Shepard, Glenn Harvey
Venticinque, Eduardo Martins
description Throughout the 20th century, an international trade in animal hides resulted in the slaughter of millions of mammals and reptiles in the Amazon. Animal hides were purchased from extractivists through a network of traveling river merchants in a regime of debt peonage known as aviamento, carried from trade posts in the hinterlands to warehouses in Manaus and Belém, and then exported to the United States, Europe and southern Brazil. Here we analyze previously unpublished shipping invoices from the famous merchant empire of J. G. Araujo as well as public port registries and commercial statistics from Manaus (Manáos Harbour Ltd., Associação Comercial do Amazonas). The international trade in Amazonian animal hides intensified immediately after the 1912 crash in rubber prices and spiked between 1935 and 1946, with a peak during World War II. The second spike occurred in the 1960s, mainly after the passage of Brazil's 1967 "Wild Animal Protection Law" intended to halt this trade. Throughout the period leading up to the adoption of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) in 1973-1975, there was no significant depreciation in the price or international demand for animal skins, suggesting constant and intense hunting effort for nearly half a century.
publishDate 2014
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2014
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2020-05-21T21:37:10Z
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2020-05-21T21:37:10Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/15998
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.1590/1981-81222014000200013
url https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/15998
identifier_str_mv 10.1590/1981-81222014000200013
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
language por
dc.relation.ispartof.pt_BR.fl_str_mv Volume 9, Número 2, Pags. 487-518
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi:Ciencias Humanas
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi:Ciencias Humanas
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institution INPA
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