The international trade in wild animals skins from the Brazilian Amazon in the 20th Century
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2014 |
Outros Autores: | , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional do INPA |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/15998 |
Resumo: | Throughout the 20th century, an international trade in animal hides resulted in the slaughter of millions of mammals and reptiles in the Amazon. Animal hides were purchased from extractivists through a network of traveling river merchants in a regime of debt peonage known as aviamento, carried from trade posts in the hinterlands to warehouses in Manaus and Belém, and then exported to the United States, Europe and southern Brazil. Here we analyze previously unpublished shipping invoices from the famous merchant empire of J. G. Araujo as well as public port registries and commercial statistics from Manaus (Manáos Harbour Ltd., Associação Comercial do Amazonas). The international trade in Amazonian animal hides intensified immediately after the 1912 crash in rubber prices and spiked between 1935 and 1946, with a peak during World War II. The second spike occurred in the 1960s, mainly after the passage of Brazil's 1967 "Wild Animal Protection Law" intended to halt this trade. Throughout the period leading up to the adoption of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) in 1973-1975, there was no significant depreciation in the price or international demand for animal skins, suggesting constant and intense hunting effort for nearly half a century. |
id |
INPA-2_e590a279e5fabb27c72ce9442cbaeaf7 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio:1/15998 |
network_acronym_str |
INPA-2 |
network_name_str |
Repositório Institucional do INPA |
repository_id_str |
|
spelling |
Antunes, André PinassiShepard, Glenn HarveyVenticinque, Eduardo Martins2020-05-21T21:37:10Z2020-05-21T21:37:10Z2014https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/1599810.1590/1981-81222014000200013Throughout the 20th century, an international trade in animal hides resulted in the slaughter of millions of mammals and reptiles in the Amazon. Animal hides were purchased from extractivists through a network of traveling river merchants in a regime of debt peonage known as aviamento, carried from trade posts in the hinterlands to warehouses in Manaus and Belém, and then exported to the United States, Europe and southern Brazil. Here we analyze previously unpublished shipping invoices from the famous merchant empire of J. G. Araujo as well as public port registries and commercial statistics from Manaus (Manáos Harbour Ltd., Associação Comercial do Amazonas). The international trade in Amazonian animal hides intensified immediately after the 1912 crash in rubber prices and spiked between 1935 and 1946, with a peak during World War II. The second spike occurred in the 1960s, mainly after the passage of Brazil's 1967 "Wild Animal Protection Law" intended to halt this trade. Throughout the period leading up to the adoption of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) in 1973-1975, there was no significant depreciation in the price or international demand for animal skins, suggesting constant and intense hunting effort for nearly half a century.Volume 9, Número 2, Pags. 487-518Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessThe international trade in wild animals skins from the Brazilian Amazon in the 20th CenturyO comércio internacional de peles silvestres na Amazônia brasileira no século XXinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleBoletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi:Ciencias Humanasporreponame:Repositório Institucional do INPAinstname:Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)instacron:INPAORIGINALcomércio.pdfcomércio.pdfapplication/pdf7201521https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/bitstream/1/15998/1/com%c3%a9rcio.pdf39c905ab8bed00767ff97ceaea61dcb9MD511/159982020-05-28 16:26:06.238oai:repositorio:1/15998Repositório de PublicaçõesPUBhttps://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/oai/requestopendoar:2020-05-28T20:26:06Repositório Institucional do INPA - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)false |
dc.title.en.fl_str_mv |
The international trade in wild animals skins from the Brazilian Amazon in the 20th Century |
dc.title.alternative.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
O comércio internacional de peles silvestres na Amazônia brasileira no século XX |
title |
The international trade in wild animals skins from the Brazilian Amazon in the 20th Century |
spellingShingle |
The international trade in wild animals skins from the Brazilian Amazon in the 20th Century Antunes, André Pinassi |
title_short |
The international trade in wild animals skins from the Brazilian Amazon in the 20th Century |
title_full |
The international trade in wild animals skins from the Brazilian Amazon in the 20th Century |
title_fullStr |
The international trade in wild animals skins from the Brazilian Amazon in the 20th Century |
title_full_unstemmed |
The international trade in wild animals skins from the Brazilian Amazon in the 20th Century |
title_sort |
The international trade in wild animals skins from the Brazilian Amazon in the 20th Century |
author |
Antunes, André Pinassi |
author_facet |
Antunes, André Pinassi Shepard, Glenn Harvey Venticinque, Eduardo Martins |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Shepard, Glenn Harvey Venticinque, Eduardo Martins |
author2_role |
author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Antunes, André Pinassi Shepard, Glenn Harvey Venticinque, Eduardo Martins |
description |
Throughout the 20th century, an international trade in animal hides resulted in the slaughter of millions of mammals and reptiles in the Amazon. Animal hides were purchased from extractivists through a network of traveling river merchants in a regime of debt peonage known as aviamento, carried from trade posts in the hinterlands to warehouses in Manaus and Belém, and then exported to the United States, Europe and southern Brazil. Here we analyze previously unpublished shipping invoices from the famous merchant empire of J. G. Araujo as well as public port registries and commercial statistics from Manaus (Manáos Harbour Ltd., Associação Comercial do Amazonas). The international trade in Amazonian animal hides intensified immediately after the 1912 crash in rubber prices and spiked between 1935 and 1946, with a peak during World War II. The second spike occurred in the 1960s, mainly after the passage of Brazil's 1967 "Wild Animal Protection Law" intended to halt this trade. Throughout the period leading up to the adoption of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) in 1973-1975, there was no significant depreciation in the price or international demand for animal skins, suggesting constant and intense hunting effort for nearly half a century. |
publishDate |
2014 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2014 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2020-05-21T21:37:10Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2020-05-21T21:37:10Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/15998 |
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1590/1981-81222014000200013 |
url |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/15998 |
identifier_str_mv |
10.1590/1981-81222014000200013 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.ispartof.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Volume 9, Número 2, Pags. 487-518 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi:Ciencias Humanas |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi:Ciencias Humanas |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Institucional do INPA instname:Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) instacron:INPA |
instname_str |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) |
instacron_str |
INPA |
institution |
INPA |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional do INPA |
collection |
Repositório Institucional do INPA |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/bitstream/1/15998/1/com%c3%a9rcio.pdf |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
39c905ab8bed00767ff97ceaea61dcb9 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional do INPA - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1809928882301698048 |