Teoria da percepção e crítica à teoria das idéias no pensamento de Thomas Reid

• Autor(a) principal: Pereira, José Aparecido
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP
• Texto Completo: https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11831
• topic: Concepção; Sensação; Crença; Reid, Thomas -- 1710-1796 -- Crtica e interpretacao; Ideia (Filosofia); Percepcao; Sentidos e sensacoes; Conception; Sensation; Belief; Ideas; Perception; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA

Influenced by Newton and the great scientific achievements of his time, Thomas Reid believed to be possible to undertake a similar study with regard to human nature, or support it through the secure basis of observation and experimental method of reasoning. A clear outline of this project was found in the investigations in which he seeks to analyze the components involved in the perception, supported by our five senses. The main objective of this study is to analyze and reflect an important part of his thoughts, specifically, his theory of perception and his criticism of the theory of ideas, since they constitute the core of the whole philosophical enterprise established by him, holding him throughout his academic and intellectual journey. An analysis of Reid's works show us that these two issues keep between themselves a close relationship, imposing an important methodological requirement for those wishing to investigate or discuss his epistemology: the approach of one, necessarily implies a reference to another. That requirement and its implication made it necessary to circumscribe our research around these two themes. Thus, two issues are the main subject to be discussed in this work: how Reid systematized the elements of his theory of perception; How, from these elements, it is formulated his criticism of the theory of ideas. Answering these two questions is necessary to check these two interpretations we attach to Reid s thought: a) the assumption according to which his theory of perception had been the key to the construction of his theory of ideas critique, that is, when he systematized the ingredients which are the basis of his criticism about the theory of ideas, he had already made clear which elements should comprise the perceptual process. That was crucial to his objections to the ideal system so that he turned it the origin and the result of his view of perception; b) the investigation of Reid about human nature explicit strong convictions about the right conditions for the acquisition and justification of our beliefs, not by means of reasoning, but through the natural, instinctive, regulated by innate principles of mind, that means the thesis that human nature is governed by principles that do not fit the requirements of priori traditional philosophy. In this sense, Reid was determined to show that the acquisition and justification of them come to depend on principles which, although considered natural, have great importance and authority similar to those typically provided by understanding. For the methodological procedures adopted for this research, we take into account the fact that it was set predominantly in the theoretical or theorist. This naturally put upon us the need to lead it through analytical, expository, interpretive, reflective and systematic reading especially from the works of Reid. The results obtained in this investigation led us, among other conclusions, the finding that this philosopher is important because he carries a deep and interesting analysis of human cognition