Exploration of Polymetallic Nodules
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Outros Autores: | |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10174/32890 https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121483 |
Resumo: | Polymetallic nodules are known to occur in the vast abyssal plains at water depths greater than 4000 m. They have been particularly well identified in the Pacific Ocean, where they were targeted for commercial extraction during several pilot-mining initiatives that took place in the 1970s. Most current exploration activities searching for these deposits are concentrated around the international seafloor, named “the Area” by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), where the activities are carried out under the jurisdiction of the International Seabed Authority (ISA). Since 2001, the ISA has granted 19 contracts for exploration of polymetallic nodules, 18 in the Pacific and 1 in the Indian basin. According to the ISA regulations, the term “Exploration” means the search for extractable concentrations of polymetallic nodules in the Area. The contracts provide companies with exclusive rights to carry out studies on the environmental, technical, economic, commercial, and other appropriate factors that must be taken into account in the future exploitation of these nodules. Some of the challenges of the exploration work are addressed in this Special Issue, which is focused on the geological assessment of this particular marine mineral resource. |
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Exploration of Polymetallic NodulesPolymetallic nodulesExplorationPolymetallic nodules are known to occur in the vast abyssal plains at water depths greater than 4000 m. They have been particularly well identified in the Pacific Ocean, where they were targeted for commercial extraction during several pilot-mining initiatives that took place in the 1970s. Most current exploration activities searching for these deposits are concentrated around the international seafloor, named “the Area” by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), where the activities are carried out under the jurisdiction of the International Seabed Authority (ISA). Since 2001, the ISA has granted 19 contracts for exploration of polymetallic nodules, 18 in the Pacific and 1 in the Indian basin. According to the ISA regulations, the term “Exploration” means the search for extractable concentrations of polymetallic nodules in the Area. The contracts provide companies with exclusive rights to carry out studies on the environmental, technical, economic, commercial, and other appropriate factors that must be taken into account in the future exploitation of these nodules. Some of the challenges of the exploration work are addressed in this Special Issue, which is focused on the geological assessment of this particular marine mineral resource.Minerals2022-12-27T16:32:22Z2022-12-272022-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10174/32890http://hdl.handle.net/10174/32890https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121483porpedro.madureira@emepc.mm.gov.ptnd247Madureira, PedroAbramowski, Tomaszinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-01-03T19:34:31Zoai:dspace.uevora.pt:10174/32890Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T01:21:59.096173Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Exploration of Polymetallic Nodules |
title |
Exploration of Polymetallic Nodules |
spellingShingle |
Exploration of Polymetallic Nodules Madureira, Pedro Polymetallic nodules Exploration |
title_short |
Exploration of Polymetallic Nodules |
title_full |
Exploration of Polymetallic Nodules |
title_fullStr |
Exploration of Polymetallic Nodules |
title_full_unstemmed |
Exploration of Polymetallic Nodules |
title_sort |
Exploration of Polymetallic Nodules |
author |
Madureira, Pedro |
author_facet |
Madureira, Pedro Abramowski, Tomasz |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Abramowski, Tomasz |
author2_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Madureira, Pedro Abramowski, Tomasz |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Polymetallic nodules Exploration |
topic |
Polymetallic nodules Exploration |
description |
Polymetallic nodules are known to occur in the vast abyssal plains at water depths greater than 4000 m. They have been particularly well identified in the Pacific Ocean, where they were targeted for commercial extraction during several pilot-mining initiatives that took place in the 1970s. Most current exploration activities searching for these deposits are concentrated around the international seafloor, named “the Area” by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), where the activities are carried out under the jurisdiction of the International Seabed Authority (ISA). Since 2001, the ISA has granted 19 contracts for exploration of polymetallic nodules, 18 in the Pacific and 1 in the Indian basin. According to the ISA regulations, the term “Exploration” means the search for extractable concentrations of polymetallic nodules in the Area. The contracts provide companies with exclusive rights to carry out studies on the environmental, technical, economic, commercial, and other appropriate factors that must be taken into account in the future exploitation of these nodules. Some of the challenges of the exploration work are addressed in this Special Issue, which is focused on the geological assessment of this particular marine mineral resource. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-12-27T16:32:22Z 2022-12-27 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10174/32890 http://hdl.handle.net/10174/32890 https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121483 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10174/32890 https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121483 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
pedro.madureira@emepc.mm.gov.pt nd 247 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Minerals |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Minerals |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
instname_str |
Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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1799136701550952448 |