Drinking Bottled and Tap Water for Healthier Living in Volcanic Areas : Are All Waters the Same?
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Outros Autores: | , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/6468 |
Resumo: | In most volcanic areas, the population considers the use of bottled waters as a healthier and safer option. This study aimed to (i) assess the fluoride concentrations in tap and bottled water consumed on São Miguel Island, (ii) confirm the accuracy of the labeling of fluoride levels on bottled water, and (iii) assess the fluoride daily intake and risk exposure and discuss the possible health effects in adults and children. Fluoride concentrations were measured in tap water (49 samples) and bottled water (23 samples) with a fluoride ion-selective electrode. The fluoride concentration was above the recommended limit in tap water from Sete Cidades (1.71 mg/L), in bottled waters nº 5 and 7 from category C (2.05 ± 0.04 mg/L and 2.36 ± 0.14 mg/L, respectively), and in bottled water nº 5 from category D (1.92 ± 0.03 mg/L). Fluoride daily intake in children reached a maximum value in gasified water nº 7 (0.059 mg F/day/kg). The risk assessment evidenced that all the brands with over 1.2 mgF/L might be a concern for potential non-cancer health effects, especially in adults. The most recognized brands of gasified and gasified flavored waters represent a higher risk of exceeding fluoride daily intake when compared to tap and mineral bottled waters. |
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Drinking Bottled and Tap Water for Healthier Living in Volcanic Areas : Are All Waters the Same?FluorideBottled WaterDaily IntakeRisk Exposure AssessmentVolcanic RegionsFluorosisIn most volcanic areas, the population considers the use of bottled waters as a healthier and safer option. This study aimed to (i) assess the fluoride concentrations in tap and bottled water consumed on São Miguel Island, (ii) confirm the accuracy of the labeling of fluoride levels on bottled water, and (iii) assess the fluoride daily intake and risk exposure and discuss the possible health effects in adults and children. Fluoride concentrations were measured in tap water (49 samples) and bottled water (23 samples) with a fluoride ion-selective electrode. The fluoride concentration was above the recommended limit in tap water from Sete Cidades (1.71 mg/L), in bottled waters nº 5 and 7 from category C (2.05 ± 0.04 mg/L and 2.36 ± 0.14 mg/L, respectively), and in bottled water nº 5 from category D (1.92 ± 0.03 mg/L). Fluoride daily intake in children reached a maximum value in gasified water nº 7 (0.059 mg F/day/kg). The risk assessment evidenced that all the brands with over 1.2 mgF/L might be a concern for potential non-cancer health effects, especially in adults. The most recognized brands of gasified and gasified flavored waters represent a higher risk of exceeding fluoride daily intake when compared to tap and mineral bottled waters.Fundo Regional da Ciência (Regional Government of the Azores) M3.1.a/F/004/2018.MDPIRepositório da Universidade dos AçoresLinhares, Diana P.Gaspar, DiogoGarcia, PatríciaRodrigues, Armindo2022-12-02T11:30:52Z2022-082022-08-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/6468engLinhares, D., Gaspar, D., Garcia, P.V. & Rodrigues, A. (2022). Drinking bottled and tap water for healthier living in volcanic areas: are all waters the same? "Water", 14(15), 2424. DOI:10.3390/w141524242073-444110.3390/w14152424000839020100001info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2022-12-20T14:34:59Zoai:repositorio.uac.pt:10400.3/6468Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T16:28:35.607876Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Drinking Bottled and Tap Water for Healthier Living in Volcanic Areas : Are All Waters the Same? |
title |
Drinking Bottled and Tap Water for Healthier Living in Volcanic Areas : Are All Waters the Same? |
spellingShingle |
Drinking Bottled and Tap Water for Healthier Living in Volcanic Areas : Are All Waters the Same? Linhares, Diana P. Fluoride Bottled Water Daily Intake Risk Exposure Assessment Volcanic Regions Fluorosis |
title_short |
Drinking Bottled and Tap Water for Healthier Living in Volcanic Areas : Are All Waters the Same? |
title_full |
Drinking Bottled and Tap Water for Healthier Living in Volcanic Areas : Are All Waters the Same? |
title_fullStr |
Drinking Bottled and Tap Water for Healthier Living in Volcanic Areas : Are All Waters the Same? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Drinking Bottled and Tap Water for Healthier Living in Volcanic Areas : Are All Waters the Same? |
title_sort |
Drinking Bottled and Tap Water for Healthier Living in Volcanic Areas : Are All Waters the Same? |
author |
Linhares, Diana P. |
author_facet |
Linhares, Diana P. Gaspar, Diogo Garcia, Patrícia Rodrigues, Armindo |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Gaspar, Diogo Garcia, Patrícia Rodrigues, Armindo |
author2_role |
author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Repositório da Universidade dos Açores |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Linhares, Diana P. Gaspar, Diogo Garcia, Patrícia Rodrigues, Armindo |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Fluoride Bottled Water Daily Intake Risk Exposure Assessment Volcanic Regions Fluorosis |
topic |
Fluoride Bottled Water Daily Intake Risk Exposure Assessment Volcanic Regions Fluorosis |
description |
In most volcanic areas, the population considers the use of bottled waters as a healthier and safer option. This study aimed to (i) assess the fluoride concentrations in tap and bottled water consumed on São Miguel Island, (ii) confirm the accuracy of the labeling of fluoride levels on bottled water, and (iii) assess the fluoride daily intake and risk exposure and discuss the possible health effects in adults and children. Fluoride concentrations were measured in tap water (49 samples) and bottled water (23 samples) with a fluoride ion-selective electrode. The fluoride concentration was above the recommended limit in tap water from Sete Cidades (1.71 mg/L), in bottled waters nº 5 and 7 from category C (2.05 ± 0.04 mg/L and 2.36 ± 0.14 mg/L, respectively), and in bottled water nº 5 from category D (1.92 ± 0.03 mg/L). Fluoride daily intake in children reached a maximum value in gasified water nº 7 (0.059 mg F/day/kg). The risk assessment evidenced that all the brands with over 1.2 mgF/L might be a concern for potential non-cancer health effects, especially in adults. The most recognized brands of gasified and gasified flavored waters represent a higher risk of exceeding fluoride daily intake when compared to tap and mineral bottled waters. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-12-02T11:30:52Z 2022-08 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/6468 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/6468 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Linhares, D., Gaspar, D., Garcia, P.V. & Rodrigues, A. (2022). Drinking bottled and tap water for healthier living in volcanic areas: are all waters the same? "Water", 14(15), 2424. DOI:10.3390/w14152424 2073-4441 10.3390/w14152424 000839020100001 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
MDPI |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
MDPI |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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