Disorders affecting the cauda equina in dogs (A retrospective study of 11 cases and literature review)

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Santos, Bárbara Gomes dos
Data de Publicação: 2019
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10348/9490
Resumo: A compression of the lumbosacral spinal nerve roots may lead to the development of a cauda equina syndrome (CES). Multiple aetiologies can lead to a CES and in this paper, there is a breve description of them, classified as: degenerative, anomalous/developmental, neoplastic, infectious/inflammatory, ischemic/vascular and traumatic. In a fully developed CES, multiple signs of sensory disorders may appear, such as low-back pain, anaesthesia, pelvic limbs’ (PL) weakness or chronic paraplegia and, bladder dysfunction. To evaluate the severity of the lesion, it is necessary to examine the patient and collect all clinical signs and results of the neurological examination and establish a prognosis. The diagnosis is based essentially on the neurological exam and imaging techniques, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance. The therapy options usually include the conservative treatment in cases that are considered less severe, and/or the surgical treatment for patients with more severe neurological deficits. The prognosis is mainly dependent upon the neurological deficits, the aetiology of the disease and the chosen therapy. The practical component of the study includes the analysis of 11 clinical cases of dogs who were submitted to a CT scan, in the presence of clinical signs compatible with CES. The statistical analysis was based on collected data from Hospital Veterinário da UTAD (Vila Real, Portugal), between August 2017 and November 2018. The obtained results allowed to conclude that large/giant breed dogs are more predisposed to CE disorders, constituting 55% of the sample. Neurological deficits, in CE disorders, are dependent of the nerve root(s) involved and are usually LMN in nature. Degenerative lesions are the most common lesion type regarding CE region, with an expression of 55%. DH II (83% of the degenerative cases) are more common than DH I in the lumbosacral region. The most frequent site for DH, in the CE region, is the L7/L8- S1 IVS, representing 83% of the cases. There is a male predilection for DLS, with an expression of 67%. Large/giant breed middle aged to older dogs have higher predisposition to develop DLS. Medical therapy had a success rate of 50% with 100% recurrence, for DLS, and surgical therapy had a success rate of 100%. The second most frequent type of lesion was the vascular type (FCE), representing 18% of cases. Neoplastic, traumatic and infectious lesions had an expression of 9%.
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spelling Disorders affecting the cauda equina in dogs (A retrospective study of 11 cases and literature review)cauda equina syndromecauda equina disordersA compression of the lumbosacral spinal nerve roots may lead to the development of a cauda equina syndrome (CES). Multiple aetiologies can lead to a CES and in this paper, there is a breve description of them, classified as: degenerative, anomalous/developmental, neoplastic, infectious/inflammatory, ischemic/vascular and traumatic. In a fully developed CES, multiple signs of sensory disorders may appear, such as low-back pain, anaesthesia, pelvic limbs’ (PL) weakness or chronic paraplegia and, bladder dysfunction. To evaluate the severity of the lesion, it is necessary to examine the patient and collect all clinical signs and results of the neurological examination and establish a prognosis. The diagnosis is based essentially on the neurological exam and imaging techniques, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance. The therapy options usually include the conservative treatment in cases that are considered less severe, and/or the surgical treatment for patients with more severe neurological deficits. The prognosis is mainly dependent upon the neurological deficits, the aetiology of the disease and the chosen therapy. The practical component of the study includes the analysis of 11 clinical cases of dogs who were submitted to a CT scan, in the presence of clinical signs compatible with CES. The statistical analysis was based on collected data from Hospital Veterinário da UTAD (Vila Real, Portugal), between August 2017 and November 2018. The obtained results allowed to conclude that large/giant breed dogs are more predisposed to CE disorders, constituting 55% of the sample. Neurological deficits, in CE disorders, are dependent of the nerve root(s) involved and are usually LMN in nature. Degenerative lesions are the most common lesion type regarding CE region, with an expression of 55%. DH II (83% of the degenerative cases) are more common than DH I in the lumbosacral region. The most frequent site for DH, in the CE region, is the L7/L8- S1 IVS, representing 83% of the cases. There is a male predilection for DLS, with an expression of 67%. Large/giant breed middle aged to older dogs have higher predisposition to develop DLS. Medical therapy had a success rate of 50% with 100% recurrence, for DLS, and surgical therapy had a success rate of 100%. The second most frequent type of lesion was the vascular type (FCE), representing 18% of cases. Neoplastic, traumatic and infectious lesions had an expression of 9%.A compressão das raízes nervosas do plexo lombossagrado pode levar ao desenvolvimento de uma síndrome de cauda equina. Múltiplas etiologias podem estar envolvidas neste processo e neste estudo encontra-se uma breve descrição de algumas delas, classificadas como: degenerativas, anómalas/de desenvolvimento, neoplásicas, infeciosas/inflamatórias, isquémicas/vasculares e traumáticas. Numa síndrome da cauda equina totalmente desenvolvida, múltiplos sinais de distúrbios sensoriais podem aparecer, como: dor lombar, anestesia, fraqueza muscular nos membros pélvicos ou paraplegia crónica e disfunção da bexiga. Para avaliar a gravidade da lesão, é necessário examinar o paciente, correlacionar todos os sinais clínicos com os resultados do exame neurológico e estabelecer um prognóstico. O diagnóstico baseia-se essencialmente nos exames neurológica e imagiológicos, como a tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância magnética. As opções terapêuticas costumam incluir o tratamento conservativo, nos casos considerados menos graves, e/ou o tratamento cirúrgico, nos casos em que o paciente apresenta défices neurológicos de gravidade superior. O prognóstico depende principalmente dos défices neurológicos presentes, da etiologia e da terapêutica escolhida. Na componente prática inclui-se a análise de 11 casos clínicos de cães que foram submetidos a uma tomografia computadorizada, na presença de sinais clínicos compatíveis com síndrome de cauda equina. A análise estatística baseou-se nos dados recolhidos no Hospital Veterinário da UTAD (Vila Real, Portugal), entre agosto de 2017 e novembro de 2018. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que os cães de raças grandes/gigantes são mais predispostos a lesões de cauda equina, constituindo 55% da amostra. Os défices neurológicos são dependentes das raizes nervosas envolvidas e são, geralmente, de neurónio motor inferior. As lesões degenerativas são as mais comuns na região, com expressão de 55%. Hérnias discais do tipo II (83% dos casos degenerativos) são mais comuns do que as do tipo I, na região lombossagrada. O local mais frequente para hérnias discais, nesta região, é o espaço intervertebral L7/L8-S1, representando 83% dos casos. Há uma predisposição do sexo masculino para estenose vertebral lombossagrada degenerativa, com uma expressão de 67%. Cães de raças grandes/gigantes com idade avançada apresentam uma maior predisposição para desenvolver estenose vertebral lombossagrada degenerativa. O tratamento conservativo teve uma taxa de sucesso de 50% com uma taxa de recidiva de 100% e a terapia cirúrgica teve uma taxa de sucesso de 100%. O segundo tipo de lesão mais frequente foi o vascular, representando 18% dos casos. As lesões neoplásicas, traumáticas e infecciosas apresentaram uma expressão de 9%.2019-10-22T14:07:11Z2019-03-26T00:00:00Z2019-03-26info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10348/9490engSantos, Bárbara Gomes dosinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-02-02T12:49:24Zoai:repositorio.utad.pt:10348/9490Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T02:04:50.753081Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Disorders affecting the cauda equina in dogs (A retrospective study of 11 cases and literature review)
title Disorders affecting the cauda equina in dogs (A retrospective study of 11 cases and literature review)
spellingShingle Disorders affecting the cauda equina in dogs (A retrospective study of 11 cases and literature review)
Santos, Bárbara Gomes dos
cauda equina syndrome
cauda equina disorders
title_short Disorders affecting the cauda equina in dogs (A retrospective study of 11 cases and literature review)
title_full Disorders affecting the cauda equina in dogs (A retrospective study of 11 cases and literature review)
title_fullStr Disorders affecting the cauda equina in dogs (A retrospective study of 11 cases and literature review)
title_full_unstemmed Disorders affecting the cauda equina in dogs (A retrospective study of 11 cases and literature review)
title_sort Disorders affecting the cauda equina in dogs (A retrospective study of 11 cases and literature review)
author Santos, Bárbara Gomes dos
author_facet Santos, Bárbara Gomes dos
author_role author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Santos, Bárbara Gomes dos
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv cauda equina syndrome
cauda equina disorders
topic cauda equina syndrome
cauda equina disorders
description A compression of the lumbosacral spinal nerve roots may lead to the development of a cauda equina syndrome (CES). Multiple aetiologies can lead to a CES and in this paper, there is a breve description of them, classified as: degenerative, anomalous/developmental, neoplastic, infectious/inflammatory, ischemic/vascular and traumatic. In a fully developed CES, multiple signs of sensory disorders may appear, such as low-back pain, anaesthesia, pelvic limbs’ (PL) weakness or chronic paraplegia and, bladder dysfunction. To evaluate the severity of the lesion, it is necessary to examine the patient and collect all clinical signs and results of the neurological examination and establish a prognosis. The diagnosis is based essentially on the neurological exam and imaging techniques, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance. The therapy options usually include the conservative treatment in cases that are considered less severe, and/or the surgical treatment for patients with more severe neurological deficits. The prognosis is mainly dependent upon the neurological deficits, the aetiology of the disease and the chosen therapy. The practical component of the study includes the analysis of 11 clinical cases of dogs who were submitted to a CT scan, in the presence of clinical signs compatible with CES. The statistical analysis was based on collected data from Hospital Veterinário da UTAD (Vila Real, Portugal), between August 2017 and November 2018. The obtained results allowed to conclude that large/giant breed dogs are more predisposed to CE disorders, constituting 55% of the sample. Neurological deficits, in CE disorders, are dependent of the nerve root(s) involved and are usually LMN in nature. Degenerative lesions are the most common lesion type regarding CE region, with an expression of 55%. DH II (83% of the degenerative cases) are more common than DH I in the lumbosacral region. The most frequent site for DH, in the CE region, is the L7/L8- S1 IVS, representing 83% of the cases. There is a male predilection for DLS, with an expression of 67%. Large/giant breed middle aged to older dogs have higher predisposition to develop DLS. Medical therapy had a success rate of 50% with 100% recurrence, for DLS, and surgical therapy had a success rate of 100%. The second most frequent type of lesion was the vascular type (FCE), representing 18% of cases. Neoplastic, traumatic and infectious lesions had an expression of 9%.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2019-10-22T14:07:11Z
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2019-03-26
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