Forma urbana, densidade da população e zonas climáticas locais: influências e avaliação da ilha de calor urbana em Bogotá, Colômbia

• Autor(a) principal: Ramírez-Aguilar, Edwin Alejandro
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/11129
• topic: Ilha de calor urbana; Densidade da população; Temperatura do ar; Forma urbana; Zonas climáticas locais; Índices baseados na temperatura; Urban heat island; Population density; Air temperature; Urban form; Local climate zones; Temperature-based indices; Isla de calor urbano; Temperatura del Aire; Zonas climáticas locales; Índices basados en la temperatura; Densidad de la población; CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO::TECNOLOGIA DE ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO; ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL::CONSTRUCAO CIVIL; ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA MECANICA::ENGENHARIA TERMICA::CONTROLE AMBIENTAL; ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL; CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::GEOCIENCIAS::METEOROLOGIA::CLIMATOLOGIA; CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::PLANEJAMENTO URBANO E REGIONAL::METODOS E TECNICAS DO PLANEJAMENTO URBANO E REGIONAL

The study of the Urban Heat Island (UHI), as the main phenomenon of climatic alteration caused by urbanization, is fundamental to understand the effect of urban areas on their regional climate. This dissertation presents a study based, first, on understanding the influence of the urban form, created by the size (population) and concentration of its population (population density) in UHI of the city of Bogotá, Colombia. Second, the thermal changes that occur within the urban area are explored through the classification of the Local Climate Zones (LCZ), based on the urban form parameters. The first part is characterized by the urban, sub-urban and rural thermal contrasts according to the annual temperature differences (ΔTu-r). For this, air temperature data (obtained from eleven meteorological stations) were sampled and statistically treated to associate Population (p) and Population Density (PD) data for each station. Different variables of the urban land cover and the urban morphology were extracted and analyzed for each sector around the stations. Among the data, a significant positive relationship was found between PD and ΔTu-r. In the same way, the parameters of the urban form most correlated with PD and ΔTu-r, were the Sky View Factor (SVF) and the Permeable Surface Fraction (%PSF). A prediction model based on PD was proposed and applied in the creation of a city thermal map. The second part is characterized by the stations and their areas of influence LCZ classification. Daily observations of the maximum (Tmax), minimum (Tmin) and mean (Tmean) and hourly (T7:00, T13:00 and T19:00) air temperature were obtained. Their distribution and variation were analyzed, as well as the air temperature-based indices and thermal sensation indices that were calculated to identify patterns in the behavior and thermal differences (ΔTZCLX-ZCLD) between the stations and their ZCL. The results showed that densities higher than 14500 inhabitants/km2 can cause ΔTu-r >1°C, greater sky obstruction (SVF < 0.45) and a great green areas and vegetation cover decrease (%PSF < 30%). On the other hand, observations, air temperature-based indices and thermal sensation indices, created by Tmin, T7:00 and T19:00 data, clearly show the variations and differences between the stations and their LCZ. Values of ΔTZCLX-ZCLD > 5°C were found in the densely urbanized LCZ. This dissertation concludes that the urban form, caused by the population density, has a great effect on temperature differences, these thermal changes are most clear between open and compact LCZ areas within the city of Bogotá.