Poluentes marinhos como fatores de estresse em esponjas e mexilhões

• Autor(a) principal: Rodrigues, Dayane Sereno Baêta
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/5814
• topic: Porifera; Perna perna; Biomarkers; Pollution; Porifera; Perna perna; Biomarcadores; Poluição; Esponja - Contaminação; Mexilhão - Contaminação; Poluição marinha; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA::GENETICA ANIMAL

Marine biota is constantly exposed to several toxic substances which may cause severe environmental problems. Sponges (Porifera) and mussels (Mollusca) are often used as pollution bioindicators mainly due to their sessile and filter feeding habits. Laboratory experiments using aquaria enable the performance of controlled assays, following the various responses of animals to different concentrations and types of pollutants, besides of exposure time. The aims of this study were: I) evaluate the immunocompetence using proteins of the immune system Allograph Inflammatory Factor (AIF-1) and Pp38 by ELISA Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay in sponges exposure to pollutants II) evaluate the expression of AIF-1 and pP38 at the five species of marine sponges Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766), Chondrilla aff. nucula Schimidt, 1862, Dysidea robusta Vilanova e Muricy 2001, Polymastia janeirensis (Boury-Esnault, 1973) e Hymeniacidon heliophila (Parker, 1910) after exposure to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) III) evaluate the expression of AIF-1 and pP38 in C. aff. nucula and P. janeirensis after exposure to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) IV) evaluate the mortality of mussel Perna perna after exposed to detergent Triton X-100 and domestic sewage The results indicate that A. fulva, C. aff. nucula, D. robusta and P.janeirensis sponges exposed to 20 μg/mL of E. coli LPS during 30 minutes, one, three, 24 and 48 hours presented an increase in AIF-1 expression when compared to controls, at different response times for each species. The sponge H. heliophila exposed to 30 μg/mL of LPS presented a significant difference in the expression of AIF-1 compared to control, in short (30 min, one four hours) and long (24 and 48 hours) time exposure assays, but there were no significant difference in the expression of pP38 protein in any of the assays. Sponges C. aff. nucula and P. janeirensis were exposed to 0.25 mg/L of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24 and 48 hours. C aff. nucula showed increased expression of AIF-1 when compared to the control at 24 and 48 hours. For P. janeirensis there were no significant difference between treatments and controls. Perna perna mussels were exposed to pollutants in two assays. The animals were exposed to the detergent Triton X-100 0.10 g/L for three, six, 12 and 18 hours. There were significant differences in mortality in six, 12 and 18 hours. The mussels were also exposed to domestic sewage diluted in 1:50 proportion. This assay did not induce mortality in the treatment and control. The variation in the expression of AIF-1 protein observed in five species of the marine sponges confirms the efficient use of this protein as a stress biomarker. It was demonstrated that mussels are good bioindicators of detergent pollution.