Áreas de risco ambiental aos acidentes com transporte rodoviário de produtos perigosos no trecho alagoano da rodovia BR-101: uma proposta metodológica.

• Autor(a) principal: Andrade, Esdras de Lima
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL)
• Texto Completo: http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1558
• topic: Geoprocessamento; Risco ambiental; Produtos perigosos; Transporte rodoviário; Geoprocessing; environmental risk; Hazardous substances; Road transportation; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::GEOCIENCIAS

Brazil’s highway network holds an extension of approximately 1.72 million kilometers, being regarded, thus, as the fourth longest one in the world, only behind the USA, India and China. It holds around 67% of the volume of transported loads in the Brazilian territory, which comes to be the main agricultural and industrial outflow system found yet - hazardous products and materials here included. Due to this expressive reality, accidents involving vehicles transporting chemical products have represented the greatest part of emergency services conducted by environmental agencies. For this reason, the subject here approached may serve as an instrument for the diagnosis of critical areas, which are subject to such kind of event in the range of five kilometers in the surroundings of BR 101 (highway) of Alagoas, which comprises 27 counties along a 237.066,70 hectares area where the combination of human, physical and environmental factors are present, which are causes for accidents involving dangerous loads being transported along this stretch and that also suffer because of them. From a geographical perspective, the present research deals with an unprecedented issue, once considered the shortage of scientific researches in the State of Alagoas. Before such context, aided by geoprocessing techniques and through the study of the investigative method of differentiation of areas, diffused by Richard Hartshorne and Alfred Hettner, whose premise is based on the chorographic perspective of the environment, integrating their constituent elements and getting to a synoptic view of reality, the main aim of this research revolved around creating a conceptual model of assessment and spatial analysis for the level of environmental risks to events that establish relation with accidents involving hazardous chemical products. For such, the algebra of maps, as a technique of integration of data, was used, based on the weighted average algorithm, which can be expressed by assigning weights and numerical grades to the information plans and their respective categories. The maps formulated for the integration were organized according to their thematic correlations in such a way that they would be molded unto the three components of the risk areas: hazard factors, vulnerability factors and exposed elements. As a final result, three risk classes were obtained: Low Risk (grades 3 and 4); Moderate Risk (grades 5 and 6) and High Risk (grades 7 and 8). The first one takes 13.24% of the analyzed area, whereas the second one claims a 76.28% portion of it, while the third one holds 10.45% of the whole analyzed area. By having these numbers linked to their locations, this research offers basic information support for the development of politics which aim at preventing and lightening damage to the environment.